Eating Disorders Do you think you might have

Eating Disorders

Do you think you might have an eating disorder? All Students 9. 5% Males 5. 0% Females 11. 6%

Do you know someone who you think has an eating disorder? All Students 68. 3% Males 70. 0% Females 67. 4% 90% are female

Eating Disorders • For those of you who know someone with an eating disorder: • What makes you think he or she has one? What do they do? • Why do they do it?

Eating Disorders • Eating disorders involve serious disturbances in eating behaviors, such as extreme and unhealthy reduction of food intake or severe overeating, as well as feelings of distress or extreme concern about body shape or weight - National Institute of Mental Health, 2004

Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa • Resistance to maintaining body weight at or above normal for height and age • Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight • Disturbance in body image, undue influence of weight and shape on self-esteem, denial of seriousness of low body weight • Lifetime prevalence among females: 0. 5 -3. 7%

Anorexia – Related Behaviors • Obsessed with the process of eating • Repeatedly checking body weight • Exercising compulsively • May involve compensatory behaviors (purging)

Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of lack of control during binge episodes • Recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (purging, fasting, or excessive exercise) • Binging and compensatory behaviors both occur at least 2 x/week for 3 months • Lifetime prevalence among females: 1. 1 -4. 2%

Symptoms of Binge Eating • Do at least 3 of the following 5 things: • • • Eat much faster than normal Eat until uncomfortably full Eat large amounts when not hungry Eat alone due to embarrassment over amount Feel depressed or guilty after eating • Binge eating = bulimia without the purging • 2 -5% of Americans in a 6 month period

Body Weight Patterns • Anorexia nervosa – underweight • Bulimia Nervosa – normal weight • Binge eating – over weight

Associated Factors • Beauty standards • 76% of women who diet do so for cosmetic rather than health reasons

Conformity or Deviance? • Are people with anorexia conforming to, or deviating from cultural expectations? • How about binge eaters and bulimics?

Do you suffer from depression? All Students 27. 0% Males 15. 0% Females 32. 6%

Do you suffer from anxiety? All Students Males Females 46. 0% 25. 0% 55. 8% Statistically Significant

Eating Disorders & Depression-Yes Depression-No % of class who think they have an eating disorder 29. 4% 2. 2% very statistically significant

Eating Disorders & Anxiety –Yes Anxiety – No % of class who think they have an eating disorder 20. 7% 0. 0% very statistically significant

Primary and Secondary Deviance • Primary deviance • Multiple causes • Often excused without lasting consequence • Secondary Deviance – deviance that results from having been labeled deviant • Internalization • Reduced opportunities

Becoming “Anorexic/Bulimic” • When the desire to be thin co-occurs with initial failure at dieting, experimentation with extreme dieting methods is likely • When weight loss from extreme dieting is approved by others, the dieting is reinforced

Labeling the Behavior • Extreme dieting is initially excused as “primary deviance” • How? • Over time, weight loss and/or binge eating bring negative public attention • People become “concerned, ” stop praising appearance, and eating behaviors • The secret is out - the labeling process begins

Labeling and Help Seeking • “People with eating disorders often do not recognize or admit that they are ill. As a result they may strongly resist getting and staying in treatment” – NIMH, 2004 • Labeling can facilitate help-seeking • Accepting the problem (self-labeling) legitimizes the need for help & treatment • Help-seeking is most likely if the problem is viewed in “medical” rather than “judgmental” terms

Treatment for Eating Disorders • Medical Intervention • For anorexics, restore weight to normal range • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Psychological disturbances (distorted body image, low self-esteem), may include families • Medication Therapy • Anti-depressants, anti-anxiety