Eat carbs for short term energy Monosaccharide aka

Eat carbs’ for short term energy!

Monosaccharide aka simple sugar ex: glucose, fructose, C 6 H 12 O 6 The monomer of all carbohydrates Disaccharide, aka complex sugar Ex: sucrose, lactose glucose + fructose

Polysaccharides ‘many’ sugars starch (plants) ex: cellulose (plants) glycogen (animals) All di- & polysaccarides hydrolysed to monosaccharides in digestion

As polymers, all polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates Whole grain carbs contain all the layers of the grain, and so are the most nutritious Refined grains are mostly starch Ex: brown vs white rice Starch Protein Fiber, Vitamins, Minerals Protein

Found in:

Lipids, for stored energy, cell membranes, hormones, protective coatings Includes: animal fats, plant oils, waxes

Glycerol backbone Fatty acid tails More C-H bonds, therefore more stored energy 9 kcal/g vs carbs 4 kcal/g Like carbs, built of C, H, O atoms Most stored under the skin (subcutaneous fat)

Fats are saturated, with every C bonding with 4 different atoms Straight fatty acid ‘tails’ make them solid at room temp Warning: body stores these in blood vessels! fats are from animal sources

Oils are unsaturated (some double bonds), thus liquid at room temp Bent ‘tail’ from double bond Oils are from plant sources

Lipids – fats and oils - make food tasty, with a pleasing texture