East Asia Korea Japan Korean Peninsula Bordered by

East Asia: Korea & Japan

Korean Peninsula: Bordered by CHINA

Both Japan and Korea have been CHINA influenced by _____ in many ways: § Korea: adaptations § Made ______ to fit its own culture CULTURAL identity and maintain its own _____ Civil Service § _______ System Porcelain § ______-making (called celadon _____ in Korea)

language § DID NOT borrow Chinese _____ (Korean is not related) Buddhism § ______ & Confucianism building printing § Chinese ____ styles & ____ methods

Japan, on the other hand… China § Missionaries from ____ brought language Chinese ____ to Japan § Japanese nobles ____ study in China, bringing the culture back to Japan BLENDING Made parts of Chinese § Cultural _______: culture their own in terms of writing, scroll technology, art (_______-making), ZEN Buddhism (_______)

Religions/Belief Systems in Korea and Japan Religion (where founded, time period, where practiced, emergence details) Buddhism Developed in India 500 BC, spread to Asia, founder: Siddhartha Gautama (later referred to as Buddha, Enlightened One) Zen Buddhism Example of SELECTIVE borrowing in Japan- type of Buddhism adapted to Japanese life, emerged in Japan around 500 CE from China via Korea. Basic Beliefs/Tenets/Holy Books/Prophets or Leaders The Four Noble Truths: 1) All life is suffering 2) Suffering caused by desire 3)Eliminate suffering by eliminating desire 4) Follow the Eightfold Path Shares many beliefs with Hinduism, like REINCARNATION, karma, dharma, REJECTS caste system, many Hindu Gods, and the priesthood (but has religious communities with monks and nuns). Sacred texts: Tripitaka (3 Baskets of Wisdom) Focus on peace, simple living, nature and beauty. Many funeral processions/burial based on Zen Buddhist traditions in Japan

Shinto Although many philosophies have influenced Japan from China, like Confucian values of honor, respect, and loyalty, most Japanese beliefs are based on a unique philosophy to Japan: Shinto. Traditional Japanese religion, meaning “way of the gods” Animism Idea that all things in nature have a spirit Traditional religion/belief system Characterized by worship of “kami, ” or spirits found in all living and nonliving things. Kami controls nature. Give offerings to kami and win their favor Marriage ceremonies in Japan reflect Shinto beliefs Unified Japan during their feudal era Shinto is an example of an ANIMISTIC belief system

Geography of Japan and Korea: ISLAND peninsula § Japan is an ____. Korea is a ____ in Asia, bordered by China (and a small sliver Russia of _____). isolated § Japan has been more ______ Asian culturally from the _____ continent than Korea because of this geography. International for food § Both nations rely on the ____ community resources and _______.

beliefs Many _____ in both nations focus on nature and water. barriers Islands/moun ____ often act as ____ to both invasion tains diffusion and cultural _____. Japan has been able Foreign influence to stay free of _______ though most of its history, but has also been isolated from the Japan world for centuries at a time. _______ imperialistic was able to stay free of _____ control during 1800 s ______because they are an island nation.

Early Korea and Japan: § Early Korea included powerful dynasties _____ like the Silla, Koryo, and Choson ______ § Korea was widely influenced by China ____, but otherwise isolated, gaining Hermit Kingdom the title of “________. ” China § Korea differentiated itself from ____ language by developing its own ______ Han’gul (phonetic alphabet created by based on _____ Choson ruler Sejong)

Early Japanese culture was heavily China influenced by _____ and Korea _______, with Korea often acting as the bridge between the other two. This Cultural diffusion method of _______lasted from the 500 early ____CE until approximately 600 CE. At that point, Japan began to have direct contact with China, which was ruled Tang Dynasty by the ________.

§ For a five hundred year period, Japan borrowed selectively _______ many aspects of Chinese civilization while maintaining a culture distinctly Japanese ______. homogeneous § Both Korea and Japan have _______ societies (people share a common ethnic and cultural background). Korean language is different _____ from Chinese and Japanese language includes characters from Chinese language (cultural borrowing).

The Japanese borrowed various ideas from Chinese culture. The Chinese language __________ was carried to Japan by the Koreans. The Japanese later modified this Kana (katakana and system by adding hiragana) _____, which are phonetic symbols representing syllables. This is similar to a western alphabet. Japan also adapted religious social ______and _______ideas to their Buddhism civilization, with _________becoming very popular among the people. Cultural ideas such as tea drinking, and the elaborate Tea ceremony _______were also adapted from China, as well as the architectural designs for the pagoda _______.

§ Japan’s early culture was dominated by rulers powerful ______ called Shogun _____, and later their only dynasty Fujiwara called the ______ feudal § Japan developed a _____ system, which lasted until the late 1800 s

Feudal Japan: feudal Japan's _____ period lasted from the 12 th century until the 19 th century. During this period, society was divided in different Social classes ______. At the top, was the emperor ______, although he had little real power. Japan was ruled by the Shogun ______, who was a military leader with near absolute control. The most successful was the Tokugawa Shogunate ____________, which ruled Japan from 1603 until 1868

Associated Terms: Japanese Feudalism Tokugawa Shogunate Samurai Bushido Code Daimyo Seppuku End of Feudal Era: 1868 Meiji Restoration

Under the leadership of the Tokugawa Shoguns, Japan experience a time of peace prosperity ______ and _______. This led to a strengthening of the economy, as transportation agriculture and ______ were improved. The result was an era of cultural ______ and intellectual accomplishments. GOLDEN AGE!!!

Arts and Literature in Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate During the ______, the Japanese “No” developed _________in which costumes men wore decorative ____ and performed on stage, while a chorus sang the lines. Nô theatre reflected Buddhist _______ ideas such as resisting selfish behavior.

In the 1600 s, ________began. kabuki was similar to Nô, except the Kabuki stories were usually ______ or musical presentations of everyday life melodramatic or historic events.

Japanese literature appeared in many forms, with the most prominent being the haiku _____. A Haiku is a 3_____-line poem 17 _____ that has _____ syllables in the Japanese language, expressing a single thought, feeling or idea. Other forms of literary achievement include stories of war _____ and conflict, and a few books written by women.

art Japanese ____ reflected strong Chinese _____ influence. Wood cut painting __________ was popular, with Japanese artists developing their own styles and tastes. During the 1600 s, Japanese artists developed __________ that produced ukiyoe Wood block prints colorful _______ available to the middle class and commoners.

Modernization in Japan and Korea (late 1800 s): Nationalistic feelings in Japan led modernization desire _____and _______to rebel feudalism against the __________and restore the Emperor to power. The Meiji Restoration/Period ___________began a process of industrialization rapid ________and imperialism _________to strengthen Japan against Western control. Within a few short modern years, Japan became a ______ industrial and military power, and began a series of military conquests across Asia.

United States ________ helped open Japan to Filmore trade under President ______, negotiated by Commodore Matthew Perry _______ (gunboat diplomacy), and helped inspire innovation in Japan during the Meiji Period.

Emperor Hirohito held official power Japan actually was ruled by military leaders like General Tojo The building up of a nation’s ______ or army military for IMPERIALISTIC purposes. (If you want to take over other countries, you NEED a strong military to overpower others! Duh!)

Causes of Japanese Militarism -Unhappiness over the loss of LAND _____, foreign markets, unemployment, inflation _____, feelings of nationalism, and the demand for expansion of the Japanese _______ territory A G G R E S S I O N Effects of Japanese Militarism -1931 attack on Manchuria (China) -Withdrawal from the Nations League of _____, democratic feelings, anti-_____ end of democratic freedoms, renewed nationalism ______

AT WAR WITH JAPAN

US Casualties in WW 2 (Marines and Navy Only) Total Killed In Action: 51, 983 Pearl Harbor: 1, 843 (3. 6%) Atlantic Theater: 5, 302 (10. 2%) Pacific Theater: 44, 813 (86. 2%)

“Enola Gay” Bomber that Carried “Little Boy” to Hiroshima

“Little Boy”, Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima

Mushroom Cloud From Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima Photo Taken By Crew of The Enola Gay As They Flew Away

August 6, 1945 Hiroshima

Hiroshima Before Bomb

Hiroshima After Bomb

August 9, 1945 Nagasaki

Permanent Shadows Caused by Immense Heat

DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE ATOMIC BOMB EXPLOSION ON NAGASAKI • Leveled Area. . . 6. 7 million sq. mtrs • Damaged Houses: Completely Burned: 11, 57 Completely Destroyed 1, 326 Badly Damaged: 5, 509 Total: 18, 409 • Casualties: Killed: 73, 884 Injured 74, 909 Total: 148, 793

The War Ends 1945 · Ends May 8, ____ · Leaders met at the YALTA Conference _____ (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) Hiroshima Victory in the Pacific: August 1945 - U. S. Nagasaki drops A-Bombs on _____ and _____, killing 110, 000.

Americans Celebrate the end of World War 2

Human Losses 30 ·_____ million ·Soviets suffer the most with 20 million _____

Economic Losses ·Cities in Europe and ruins Asia in ______ ·Took years to _______ rebuild

War Crimes Trials ·Crimes against humanity _____ were punished at Nuremberg, Germany leaders ·Showed that _____ could be held responsible for their actions during war

Occupied Nations ·New governments established in Germany and _____ Japan ·U. S. occupied Japan _______

Literature and the Arts ·George Orwell: Animal Farm ·William Golding: Lord Flies of the _____ ·Examined human costs of war and totalitarian regimes,

The United Nations forum ·Provides a _______ for countries to discuss world problems and solutions develop ______ ·Made up of a General Assembly (each member country has a vote representative and a _________ 15 ·The Security Council has ______ member nations (5 are permanent): U. S. , Russia, ____, Great France Britain, and China.

Post WWII: Germany and Japan Transformed democratic § Both Nations became _______ after WWII § Germany divided into two Countries (E. Germany, West separate ________ Germany; East Germany was communist) § In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN: All people have the right to lives dignity live their _____ in peace and _____, free from oppression and discrimination. § The UN can hold governments and individuals human responsible for _____rights violations.

Democracy in Japan Occupied After the Bomb: Japan _____: U. S. occupied REBUILD Japan to help them _______. (ended in 1952) Japan’s new Constitution: constitutional § Created ______ monarchy war § Japan agrees to never use ______ as a political weapon government § Set up a _____. Japanese Parliament called the DIET ____ VOTE § Women gained right to _____ Equal ____ rights given

And then came the Cold War… The Cold War Begins together § During WWII: U. S. and Soviets fought _____ § After WWII: Rivalry ______ develops between both countries situation § COLD WAR: Describes the ____ between the USSR from 1945 -1989. U. S. and the ____ § Why was it called a “Cold” war? : The U. S. and directly Soviets never fought _____. Instead, they fought in different ways!

§ Superpower: a word used to describe two Nations during the that Cold dominate ______ world _____ War politics. USSR § After WWII: the USA ______ and ______ were superpowers!

§ DEMOCRACY vs. TOTALITARIAN § ______ Economy vs. Command Economy Mixed/Capitalist (Free market) Communism (______)

The Truman Doctrine stop § Policy/Program designed to ____ Soviet aggression. containment § Relied on the idea of __________: This means you prevent something spreading from_______ to another place. The communism U. S. tried to stop the spread of _____ to other parts of the world!

“The Marshall Plan” financial § U. S. offered MASSIVE _______ aid to countries that agreed to democratic remain/become _______. U. S. Eastern offered this to _____ Europe. Stalin accept wouldn’t let these countries _____ this $$$$$!

What the heck does this have to do with Korea and Japan? ? ?

surrogate Cold War fought in ________ countries (representative states) PROXY WAR/War by PROXY

WAR KOREAN _______: After WWII divided into North and South Korea. USSR supported the North. U. S. supported South the _______. When the North tried to take over the South, we prevented the Aggression _____. (or tried)

Non-Aligned Countries § WHAT? ? ? - These were nations that NEUTRAL remained ______ and didn’t want to get involved in the Cold War! Yugoslavia § INDIA and ________ § They wanted to focus on building their CONFLICT own countries and avoid _______

What did the UN do during the Cold War? forum § Provided a _____ for the superpowers to talk about their differences effective § Not really ____ during the Cold War expanded § Since 1991, it has ______ its role to include peacekeeping.

The Economies of Japan and Korea § Ancient Japan and Korea had traditional _______ economies. § Modern Japan and South Korea have mixed _____ economies. North Korea has a command economy.

Review of Economic Systems: Traditional Economy Free-Market Economy (capitalism) Subsistence farming common, people continue to live the way they have always lived; one takes the profession of one’s parents Based on Scottish philosopher Adam Smith’s ideas; GOVERNMENT STAYS OUT of business; competition, laissez-faire, supply and demand, invest capital to make $ Command Economy (Socialism & Communism) PURE or EXTREME socialism; ideas of Karl Marx; History defined by rich vs. poor, workers should be in charge of government and government makes all economic decisions Mixed Economy Combination of socialism and free market systems; socialism simply means that government collects funds from people to provide social services BTW

Japan’s Economic Miracle Post WWII: § What was it? Revitalization of Japanese economy post WWII. IN a 20 year time period, Japan became an economic powerhouse § Why? Japan had suffered massive devastation; Japanese work ethic and social values will contribute to massive efforts to regain prestige, honor, and self-respect § How? Occupation by USA, then government sponsored programs to EDUCATE population; focus on high tech industries

Modern Korea: § Today, North and South Korea are separate ______ nations. democratic § South Korea is _____, with a mixed ______ economy. Their current leader is Lee Myung-bak (since Feb, 2008) communist North Korea is a ______, totalitarian state _______, led by Kim Jong-Eun (since Dec 17, 2011, when Kim Jong-Il died).

Current Leader of Japan: § Head of state is Prime Minister Yoshihiko Shinzo Abe _____ parliamentary § Japan has a _______ form of democracy monarchy under a constitutional _____. ROYAL § There is still a Japanese ____ family, with no political real ________power (ceremonial role) Current emperor: Akihito. § However, many people revere the emperor for social _______ and cultural reasons.