EASA FTL 2016 A Generic Interpretation Understanding EASA

EASA FTL 2016 A Generic Interpretation Understanding EASA FTL 2016 Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements. Version 1. 1 Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Disclaimer The documentation is provided “AS IS” and is solely intended to provide a general understanding of the author’s interpretation of the new EASA FTL as amended on 29 -Jan-2014. The author makes no representations and disclaims any and all responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of the documentation. The author reserves the right, at his discretion, to change or modify the documentation as deemed appropriate. Copyright © 2012 -2015, Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Module 6: Acclimatisation with practical examples Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation A CM who is in an acclimated state remains in an acclimated state as long as they remain within a zone +/-2 hours either side of the time zone in which the CM is acclimated to. State of Acclimatisation: Ø (D) Acclimated to Departure - occurs when a CM has spent sufficient time within a timezone to become acclimated to the timezone for departure. Ø (B) Acclimated to Previous Acclimated Time Zone – occurs when a CM has spent insufficient time within a timezone to begin the acclimatization process. Ø (X) Unknown - when a CM has entered a new timezone and has begun the acclimatisation process but has not spent sufficient time to adjust to the local timezone. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Example: a CM acclimated to Paris (UTC + 1), remains acclimated as long as they remain within the following time zones: UTC -1, UTC + 2, UTC + 3 at the conclusion of the duty period. Jeddah (UTC + 3) is acclimated, while Tehran (UTC + 3: 30) will require the crewmember to become acclimated. Paris Tehran Jeddah Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation process is also known as re-adaptation. Flying across time zones exposes the circadian body clock to sudden shifts in the day/night cycle. Because of its sensitivity to light and (to a lesser extent) social time cues, the circadian body clock will eventually adapt to a new time zone. The acclimatisation process follows Table 1 defined in ORO. FTL. 105 Definitions Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D D X D D Table 1 is to be applied when a CM has exited the zone +/- 2 hrs from the previous reference time. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Time difference between reference time zone and local time, is simply the difference between the time zone where the CM was last acclimated to, and the time zone where a crewmember will begin the next duty. Example: CM is acclimated to Paris (UTC + 1) (Reference Time) and will begin the next duty period in Chicago (UTC -6), whereby the Time Difference is 7: 00. The time elapsed since reporting at reference time to the time of report of the next duty. A conversion to UTC date time will be required to calculate the elapsed time. A Report in Paris on 15 -Feb-2017 at 10: 00 (Local) is 15 -Feb-2017 at 09: 00 (UTC), the next report in Chicago is on 16 -Feb-2017 at 20: 00 (Local) is 17 -Feb-2017 at 02: 00 (UTC), whereby the time elapsed is 40: 00. v Case #1: Since the elapsed time is less than 48: 00 (Row 3, Column 1) the crewmember remains acclimated to Paris time (UTC + 1). v Case #2: Had the departure in Chicago been postponed 24 hours, the elapsed time would be 64: 00, the CM has now moved into an unknown state of acclimatization (x) (Row 3, Column 2). v Case #3: Had the departure in Chicago been postponed 60 hours, the elapsed time would be 100: 00, the CM has now moved into an acclimated state of acclimatization (Row 3, Column 4). The CM is acclimated to Chicago Time (UTC -6), Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Reference Time for the next departure is defined as follows: 1. When a CM begins the next duty period in an (B) Acclimated to Previous Acclimated Time Zone state to the reference time is the time zone where that cm was last acclimated to. 2. When a CM begins the next duty period in an (X) Unknown state there is no reference time. 3. When a CM begins the next duty period in an (D) Acclimated to Departure state the reference time is the local time zone where the duty period begins. 4. Should the CM remain within the zone of acclimatisation, the reference time is the local time zone where the duty period begins. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Examples: • Duty 1: • • • Duty 2: • • • The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period (UTC+2). The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC, UTC+1, UTC+2, UTC+3, UTC+4). The Duty ends in the duty ends in London (UTC). The Reference time is now considered to be Helsinki (UTC+2). Duty 3: • • • A CM starts a series of duty periods in an Acclimated state in Paris (UTC+1). The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-1, UTC+1, UTC+2, UTC+3). The Duty ends in Helsinki (UTC+2). The Reference time is Paris (UTC+1). The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period (UTC). The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-2, UTC-1, UTC+1, UTC+2). The duty ends in New York (UTC-5). The Reference time is now considered to be London (UTC). Duty 4: • Since the CM ended Duty 3 more than 2 hours from the previous Reference time Table 1 must be used to determine the CM’s state of acclimatization: 1. What is the time zone difference from the previous time zone (UTC – (UTC-5)) = 5 2. Time elapsed since reporting at reference time = Report Time Duty 4 – Report Time Duty 3. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation • Duty 4: • Since the CM ended Duty 3 more than 2 hours from the previous Reference time Table 1 must be used to determine the CM’s state of acclimatization: 1. What is the time zone difference from the previous time zone (UTC – (UTC-5)) = 5 (Use Row 2) 2. Time elapsed since reporting at reference time = Report Time Duty 4 – Report Time Duty 3. < 48 hours (Use Column 1) (Case B) v CM remains Acclimated to London (UTC). v Reference Time is Unchanged London (UTC). • >= 48 and < 72 hours (Use Column 2) (Case X) v CM is in an Unknown State off Acclimatisation v Reference Time is Unchanged London (UTC). • Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 • • • >= 72 and < 96 hours (Use Column 3) (Case D) or >= 96 and < 120 hours (Use Column 4) (Case D) or >= 120 hours (Use Column 5) (Case D) v CM is Acclimated to Start of Duty period (New York (UTC-5)), v Reference Time is New York (UTC-5). Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D D X D D Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation • Duty 4 (Case B): • • • Duty 4 (Case D): • • • The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period. The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-2, UTC-1, UTC+1, UTC+2). The duty ends in London(UTC). The Reference time is Still considered to be London (UTC). Duty 5 will be considered acclimated. The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period (UTC-5. The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-7, UTC-6, UTC-5, UTC-4, UTC-3). The duty ends in London(UTC). The Reference time is Now considered to be New York(UTC-5). Duty 5 will need to follow the same process as duty 4. Duty 4 (Case X): • • The CM is considered to be in an Unknown state of acclimatisation at the start of the duty period. The duty ends in London(UTC). The Reference time is Still considered to be London (UTC). Duty 5 will need to follow the same process as duty 4. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation • Duty 5 (Case B): • • • Duty 5 (Case D): • • • The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period. The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-2, UTC-1, UTC+1, UTC+2). The duty ends in Helsinki(UTC+2). The Reference time is Still considered to be London (UTC). Duty 6 will be considered acclimated. The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period (UTC-5. The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC-2, UTC-1, UTC+1, UTC+2). The duty ends in Helsinki(UTC+2). The Reference time is Now considered to be London (UTC). Duty 6 will be considered acclimated. Duty 5 (Case X): • • The CM is considered to be in an Unknown state of acclimatisation at the start of the duty period. The duty ends in Helsinki(UTC+2). The Reference time is Still considered to be same reference time as Duty 4. Duty 6 will need to follow the same process as duty 4. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation • • Duty 6 (Acclimated): • The CM is considered acclimate at the start of the duty period (UTC+2). • The CM will be considered Acclimated to the next Duty period as long as it is within the following time zones (UTC, UTC+1, UTC+2, UTC+3, UTC+4). • The Duty ends in Paris(UTC+1). • The Reference time is now considered to be Helsinki (UTC+2). Duty 6 (Case X): • The CM is considered to be in an Unknown state of acclimatisation at the start of the duty period. • The Reference time is Still considered to be same reference time as Duty 5. • The Duty ends in Paris(UTC+1). • Required Rest upon return to base: • Examine the entire series of duty periods and find the greatest of: • Find the greatest time zone difference with any duty period start time when compared to the base time. (6 hrs) • Find the greatest time zone difference with any duty compared to its respective reference time (5 hrs) • Determine the elapsed time from the first report time of the series of duties to the release time of the series of duty periods. • Use the table supplied in CS FTL. 1. 235 when the greatest time zone difference is greater than or equal to 4 hours: When the Table is applied the minimum continuous rest period at home base without a suitable accommodation supplied by the operator must include the minimum number of local nights. eg) 6 hour time zone difference with 90 hours elapsed time is 3 local nights rest. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation The EASA has provided the following guidance materials within the FAQ’s 31 -July, 2015: How do you work out your state of acclimatisation and rest requirements after rotations with three or more FDPs, including FDPs in both directions and within the destination time zone? A crew member is considered to be acclimatised to the time zone of the reference time for the first 48 hours. After 48 hours of the rotation has elapsed, the crew member is considered to be in an unknown state of acclimatisation. The crew member only becomes acclimatised to the destination time zone if they remain in the first arrival destination time zone (either for rest or any duties) for the time established in the table in ORO. FTL. 105(1). If a crew member’s rotation includes any additional duties that end in a different time zone to that of their first arrival destination’s time zone while they are in an unknown state of acclimatisation, then the crew member remains in an unknown state of acclimatisation until they have: • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at home base; • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at the new location; or • been undertaking duties starting at and returning to the time zone of the new location until they becomes acclimatised in accordance with the values in the table in ORO. FTL. 105(1). To determine the state of acclimatisation the following criteria should be applied: • the greater of: o the time differences between the time zone where they were last acclimatised or o the local time of their last departure point and the new location; and • the time elapsed since reporting where they were last acclimatised during the rotation. Rest after rotations with three or more FDPs • For a rotation with three or more FDPs, use the greatest time zone difference from the original reference time to determine the minimum number of local nights of rest (in accordance with the table in CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3)(i)). • If such a rotation includes time zones crossings in both directions the calculation is based on the highest number of time zones crossed in any one FDP during the rotation. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation How do you work out your state of acclimatisation and rest requirements after rotations with three or more FDPs, including FDPs in both directions and within the destination time zone? A crew member is considered to be acclimatised to the time zone of the reference time for the first 48 hours. After 48 hours of the rotation has elapsed, the crew member is considered to be in an unknown state of acclimatisation. The crew member only becomes acclimatised to the destination time zone if they remain in the first arrival destination time zone (either for rest or any duties) for the time established in the table in ORO. FTL. 105(1). Elapsed Time Since Ref TZ in State D at Report (ETRTZ) HEL-LHR D Rest Period (RP) 48 Hour Zone of Acclimatisation LHR-JFK RP JFK-MIA-JFK D RP JFK-MIA-JFK JFK-LHR-HEL RP D X B If a crew member’s rotation includes any additional duties that end in a different time zone to that of their first arrival destination’s time zone while they are in an unknown state of acclimatisation, then the crew member remains in an unknown state of acclimatisation until they have: • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at home base; • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at the new location; or • been undertaking duties starting at and returning to the time zone of the new location until they becomes acclimatised in accordance with the values in the table in ORO. FTL. 105(1). Acclimatisation Duty Ref TZ Acc TZ Dp Start TZ Dp End TZ TZ Dif ETRTZ UTC (LCL) Report Duty Time RP (LNR) State 1 UTC+2 UTC 2 0 10(12) 8 ---- D 2 UTC UTC-5 5 0 10(10) 12 14 (1) D 3 UTC UTC-5 5 36 20(15) 8 24 (1) B 4 UTC UTC-5 5 60 20(15) 8 16 (1) X 5 UTC UTC-5 UTC+2 7 108 20(15) 12 40 (2) D Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty Period #2: DP #1 was acclimated, to the time zone of departure and DP #2 starts within a band +/- 2 hrours, the cm is considered to be acclimated to the TZ of departure for DP #2.

Acclimatisation Elapsed Time Since Ref TZ in State D at Report (ETRTZ) HEL-LHR D Rest Period (RP) 48 Hour Zone of Acclimatisation RP LHR-JFK JFK-MIA-JFK RP JFK-MIA-JFK JFK-LHR-HEL D X B D RP Acclimatisation Duty Ref TZ Acc TZ Dp Start TZ Dp End TZ TZ Dif ETRTZ UTC (LCL) Report Duty Time RP (LNR) State Reason 1 UTC+2 UTC 2 0 10(12) 8 ---- D Series of Duties begins in a D state 2 UTC UTC-5 5 0 10(10) 12 14 (1) D DP starts TZ within +/- 2 hours 3 UTC UTC-5 5 36 20(15) 8 24 (1) B DP starts within the 1 st 48 hours 4 UTC UTC-5 5 60 20(15) 8 16 (1) X • Less than 72 hrs ETRTZ • no RP with 2 LNR D • More than 72 hrs ERTZ, (Table 1), • RP before includes 2 LNR (CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) ) 5 UTC UTC-5 UTC+2 7 108 20(15) 12 40 (2) Duty Period #3: CM remains acclimated to the time zone of the point of last acclimatized time zone for a 48 hour period. Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Elapsed Time Since Ref TZ in State D at Report (ETRTZ) HEL-LHR D Rest Period (RP) 48 Hour Zone of Acclimatisation RP LHR-JFK JFK-MIA-JFK RP JFK-MIA-JFK JFK-LHR-HEL X B D RP D Acclimatisation Duty Ref TZ Acc TZ Dp Start TZ Dp End TZ TZ Dif ETRTZ UTC (LCL) Report Duty Time RP (LNR) State Reason 1 UTC+2 UTC 2 0 10(12) 8 ---- D Series of Duties begins in a D state 2 UTC UTC-5 5 0 10(10) 12 14 (1) D DP starts TZ within +/- 2 hours 3 UTC UTC-5 5 36 20(15) 8 24 (1) B DP starts within the 1 st 48 hours 4 UTC UTC-5 5 60 20(15) 8 16 (1) X • Less than 72 hrs ETRTZ • no RP with 2 LNR 5 UTC UTC-5 UTC+2 7 84 20(15) 12 16 (1) D • More than 72 hrs ETRTZ, (Table 1), • no RP with 2 LNR Duty Period #4: CM is considered to be in an unknown state of acclimatization, the CM has not remained in the time zone for the duration prescribed in Table 1 and has not had a rest period since the time of last acclimatization that meets the criteria in CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Elapsed Time Since Ref TZ in State D at Report (ETRTZ) 48 Hour Zone of Acclimatisation HEL-LHR Rest Period (RP) D JFK-ATLMIA RP LHR-JFK MIA-ATL -JFK RP (2 LNR) D B D RP JFK-LHR-HEL D Acclimatisation Duty Ref TZ Acc TZ Dp Start TZ Dp End TZ TZ Dif ETRTZ UTC (LCL) Report Duty Time RP (LNR) State Reason 1 UTC+2 UTC 2 0 12(14) 8 ---- D Series of Duties begins in a D state 2 UTC UTC-5 5 0 12(12) 12 14 (1) D DP starts TZ within +/- 2 hours 3 UTC UTC-5 5 33 21(16) 6 21 (1) B DP starts within the 1 st 48 hours 4 UTC UTC-5 5 69 11(06) 6 30 (2) D • Less than 72 hrs ETRTZ • RP before includes 2 LNR (CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) ) 5 UTC UTC-5 UTC+2 7 0 17(12) 12 24 (1) D DP starts TZ within +/- 2 hours Duty Period #4: CM is considered to be acclimated to the time zone of duty period start as the rest period before meets the criteria in CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 13: 35 Ref TZ UTC Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 LHR 13: 35 JFK 16: 35 21: 35 8: 00 9: 30 Release 17: 05 0: 05 Layover 46: 55 Required Rest 14: 00 Report 16: 00 21: 00 Ref TZ UTC+5 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 3 102 JFK 17: 00 22: 00 ATL 18: 30 23: 30 1: 30 2: 30 4: 40 103 ATL 19: 30 00: 30 JFK 21: 00 02: 00 1: 30 5: 00 5: 30 Release 21: 30 02: 30 Layover 12: 00 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 30 13: 30 Ref TZ UTC+5 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 4 104 JFK 9: 30 14: 30 LHR 22: 30 8: 00 9: 45 Release 23: 00 TAFB 080: 25 Total 019: 00 023: 00 024: 45 Required Rest in Base 054: 00 If a crew member’s rotation includes any additional duties that end in a different time zone to that of their first arrival destination’s time zone while they are in an unknown state of acclimatisation, then the crew member remains in an unknown state of acclimatisation until they have: • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at home base; • taken the rest period in accordance with CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3) at the new location; or • been undertaking duties starting at and returning to the time zone of the new location until they becomes acclimatised in accordance with the values in the table in ORO. FTL. 105(1). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 3) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 56: 25 with a TZ difference of 5 hrs The rest preceding Duty period #2 includes 2 LNR (46: 55 starting at 17: 05 LCL), this qualifies in accordance to CS FTL. 1. 235(b)(3). Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 4) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatization. Rest at end of rotation must include 3 LNR ( 54: 00 )

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 9: 50 8: 50 Ref TZ UTC+1 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 CDG 10: 50 9: 50 HEL 15: 50 13: 50 4: 00 5: 30 Release 16: 20 14: 20 Layover 14: 40 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 00 6: 00 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 2 102 HEL 9: 00 7: 00 LHR 10: 10 3: 10 4: 40 102 LHR 11: 25 LAX 14: 55 22: 55 11: 30 16: 55 17: 35 Release 15: 25 23: 25 Layover 28: 10 Required Rest 17: 35 Report 19: 55 3: 55 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status B Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 3 103 LAX 20: 55 4: 55 LHR 15: 15 10: 20 9: 15 9: 45 103 LHR 17: 05 HEL 22: 00 20: 00 2: 55 16: 05 16: 35 Release 22: 30 20: 30 Layover 33: 55 Required Rest 16: 35 Report 8: 25 6: 25 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 6 106 HEL 9: 25 7: 25 CDG 11: 30 10: 30 3: 05 4: 35 Release 12: 00 11: 00 TAFB 146: 10 Total 35: 00 55: 40 58: 40 Required Rest in Base 114: 00 5 LNR Duty 2 Duty 3 • will require 2 extra Pilots Class 1 rest facilities • Each FA must receive min • 3: 00 in Class 1 or • 2: 35 in Class 1 or • 3: 25 in a Class 2 facility • 3: 00 in a Class 2 facility Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatisation. Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 3) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 45: 55 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 6) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 62: 30 with a TZ difference of 0 hrs. TAFB is 146: 10 with a maximum Time Zone change of 10 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 5 Local Nights Rest (LNR).

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 9: 50 8: 50 Ref TZ UTC+1 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 CDG 10: 50 9: 50 HEL 15: 50 13: 50 4: 00 5: 30 Release 16: 20 14: 20 Layover 14: 40 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 00 6: 00 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 2 102 HEL 9: 00 7: 00 LHR 10: 10 3: 10 4: 40 102 LHR 11: 25 LAX 14: 55 22: 55 11: 30 16: 55 17: 35 Release 15: 25 23: 25 Layover 52: 30 Required Rest 17: 35 Report 19: 55 3: 55 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status X Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 4 103 LAX 20: 55 4: 55 LHR 15: 15 10: 20 9: 15 9: 45 103 LHR 17: 05 HEL 22: 00 20: 00 2: 55 16: 05 16: 35 Release 22: 30 20: 30 Layover 33: 55 Required Rest 16: 35 Report 8: 25 6: 25 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 7 106 HEL 9: 25 7: 25 CDG 11: 30 10: 30 3: 05 4: 35 Release 12: 00 11: 00 TAFB 170: 10 Total 35: 00 55: 40 58: 40 Required Rest in Base 114: 00 5 LNR Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatisation. . Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 4) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 69: 55 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs Duty 4 (Day 7) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 86: 30 with a TZ difference of 0 hrs. Duty 2 will require 2 extra Pilots – Class 1 rest facilities Duty 3 will require 2 extra Pilots – Class 1 rest facilities TAFB is 170: 10 with a maximum Time Zone change of 10 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 5 Local Nights Rest (LNR). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 9: 50 8: 50 Ref TZ UTC+1 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 CDG 10: 50 9: 50 HEL 15: 50 13: 50 4: 00 5: 30 Release 16: 20 14: 20 Layover 14: 40 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 00 6: 00 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 2 102 HEL 9: 00 7: 00 LHR 10: 10 3: 10 4: 40 102 LHR 11: 25 LAX 14: 55 22: 55 11: 30 16: 55 17: 35 Release 15: 25 23: 25 Layover 76: 30 Required Rest 17: 35 Report 19: 55 3: 55 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status X Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 5 103 LAX 20: 55 4: 55 LHR 15: 15 10: 20 9: 15 9: 45 103 LHR 17: 05 HEL 22: 00 20: 00 2: 55 16: 05 16: 35 Release 22: 30 20: 30 Layover 33: 55 Required Rest 16: 35 Report 8: 25 6: 25 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 8 106 HEL 9: 25 7: 25 CDG 11: 30 10: 30 3: 05 4: 35 Release 12: 00 11: 00 TAFB 194: 10 Total 35: 00 55: 40 58: 40 Required Rest in Base 114: 00 5 LNR Duty 2 Duty 3 • will require 2 extra Pilots Class 1 rest facilities • Each FA must receive min • 3: 00 in Class 1 or • 2: 35 in Class 1 or • 3: 25 in a Class 2 facility • 3: 00 in a Class 2 facility Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatisation. . Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 5) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 93: 55 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 8) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 110: 30 with a TZ difference of 0 hrs. TAFB is 194: 10 with a maximum Time Zone change of 10 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 5 Local Nights Rest (LNR).

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 9: 50 8: 50 Ref TZ UTC+1 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 CDG 10: 50 9: 50 HEL 15: 50 13: 50 4: 00 5: 30 Release 16: 20 14: 20 Layover 14: 40 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 00 6: 00 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 2 102 HEL 9: 00 7: 00 LHR 10: 10 3: 10 4: 40 102 LHR 11: 25 LAX 14: 55 22: 55 11: 30 16: 55 17: 25 Release 15: 25 23: 25 Layover 100: 30 Required Rest 17: 25 Report 19: 55 3: 55 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status X Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 6 103 LAX 20: 55 4: 55 LHR 15: 15 10: 20 9: 15 9: 45 103 LHR 17: 05 HEL 22: 00 20: 00 2: 55 16: 05 16: 35 Release 22: 30 20: 30 Layover 33: 55 Required Rest 16: 35 Report 8: 25 6: 25 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 9 106 HEL 9: 25 7: 25 CDG 11: 30 10: 30 3: 05 4: 35 Release 12: 00 11: 00 TAFB 218: 10 Total 35: 00 55: 40 58: 40 Required Rest in Base 114: 00 5 LNR Duty 2 Duty 3 • will require 2 extra Pilots Class 1 rest facilities • Each FA must receive min • 3: 00 in Class 1 or • 2: 35 in Class 1 or • 3: 25 in a Class 2 facility • 3: 00 in a Class 2 facility Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatisation. . Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 6) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 117: 55 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 9) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 134: 30 with a TZ difference of 0 hrs. TAFB is 218: 10 with a maximum Time Zone change of 10 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 5 Local Nights Rest (LNR).

Acclimatisation LCL UTC Report 9: 50 8: 50 Ref TZ UTC+1 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 1 101 CDG 10: 50 9: 50 HEL 15: 50 13: 50 4: 00 5: 30 Release 16: 20 14: 20 Layover 14: 40 Required Rest 10: 00 Report 8: 00 6: 00 Ref TZ UTC+2 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 2 102 HEL 9: 00 7: 00 LHR 10: 10 3: 10 4: 40 102 LHR 11: 25 LAX 14: 55 22: 55 11: 30 16: 55 17: 25 Release 15: 25 23: 25 Layover 124: 30 Required Rest 17: 25 Report 19: 55 3: 55 Ref TZ UTC-8 Acc Status D Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 7 103 LAX 20: 55 4: 55 LHR 15: 15 10: 20 9: 15 9: 45 103 LHR 17: 05 HEL 22: 00 20: 00 2: 55 16: 10 16: 35 Release 22: 30 20: 30 Layover 33: 55 Required Rest 16: 35 Report 8: 25 6: 25 Ref TZ UTC-8 Acc Status X Depart Arrive Flt Dep LCL UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty Day 10 106 HEL 9: 25 7: 25 CDG 11: 30 10: 30 3: 05 4: 35 Release 12: 00 11: 00 TAFB 242: 10 Total 35: 00 55: 40 58: 40 Required Rest in Base 114: 00 5 LNR Duty 2 Duty 3 • will require 2 extra Pilots Class 1 rest facilities • Each FA must receive min • 3: 00 in Class 1 or • 2: 35 in Class 1 or • 3: 25 in a Class 2 facility • 3: 00 in a Class 2 facility Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved. Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Crew member has stayed within the zone of acclimatisation. . Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 7) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 141: 55 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 10) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 50: 30 with a TZ difference of 10 hrs. TAFB is 242: 10 with a maximum Time Zone change of 10 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 5 Local Nights Rest (LNR).

Acclimatisation Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 LCL UTC Report 11: 00 Depart Flt Dep LCL UTC 101 LHR 12: 00 Release 15: 20 20: 20 Layover 17: 40 Report 9: 00 14: 00 Depart Flt Dep LCL UTC 105 YYZ 10: 00 15: 00 106 YHZ 16: 25 20: 25 Release 18: 34 23: 34 Layover 12: 26 Report 7: 00 12: 00 Depart Flt Dep LCL UTC 107 YYZ 8: 00 13: 00 106 YHZ 16: 25 20: 25 Release 18: 34 23: 34 Layover 12: 51 Report 7: 25 12: 25 Depart Flt Dep LCL UTC 108 YYZ 8: 25 13: 25 Release 21: 00 TAFB 82: 00 Ref TZ UTC Acc Status D Arrive Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty YYZ 14: 50 19: 50 7: 50 8: 50 9: 20 Required Rest Ref TZ UTC Arrive Arr LCL UTC YHZ 13: 06 17: 06 YYZ 18: 04 23: 04 14: 00 Acc Status Required Rest Ref TZ UTC Arrive Arr LCL UTC YHZ 11: 06 15: 06 YYZ 18: 04 23: 04 10: 00 Acc Status B Block FDP Duty 2: 06 3: 06 2: 39 9: 04 9: 34 X Block FDP Duty 2: 06 3: 06 2: 39 11: 04 11: 34 Required Rest 11: 34 Ref TZ UTC-5 Acc Status D Arrive Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty LHR 20: 30 7: 05 8: 35 Total Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 27: 00 with a TZ difference of 5 hrs. Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 3) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 49: 00 with a TZ difference of 5 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 4) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 73: 25 with a TZ difference of 5 hrs. 24: 25 43: 15 39: 03 TAFB is 82: 00 with a maximum Time Zone change of 5 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 3 Local Nights Rest (LNR). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

Acclimatisation Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 LCL UTC Report 10: 10 Depart Flt Dep LCL 101 LHR 11: 10 Release 14: 35 18: 35 Layover 23: 45 Report 14: 20 18: 20 Depart Flt Dep LCL 102 YHZ 15: 20 103 YYZ 20: 55 Release 0: 32 4: 32 Layover 13: 48 Report 14: 20 18: 20 Depart Flt Dep LCL 102 YHZ 15: 20 103 YYZ 20: 55 Release 0: 32 4: 32 Layover 21: 53 Report 22: 25 Depart Flt Dep LCL 104 YHZ 23: 25 Release 9: 45 TAFB 119: 35 Ref TZ UTC Acc Status D Arrive UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty 11: 10 YHZ 14: 05 18: 05 6: 55 7: 55 8: 25 Required Rest Ref TZ UTC Arrive UTC Arr LCL UTC 19: 20 YYZ 16: 57 21: 57 1: 55 YHZ 0: 02 4: 02 14: 00 Acc Status Required Rest Ref TZ UTC-4 Arrive UTC Arr LCL UTC 19: 20 YYZ 16: 57 21: 57 1: 55 YHZ 0: 02 4: 02 10: 12 Acc Status B Block FDP Duty 2: 37 3: 37 2: 07 9: 42 10: 12 D Block FDP Duty 2: 37 3: 37 2: 07 9: 42 10: 12 Required Rest 10: 12 Ref TZ UTC-4 Acc Status D Arrive UTC Arr LCL UTC Block FDP Duty 3: 25 LHR 9: 15 5: 50 6: 50 7: 20 Total Duty 1 (Day 1) Crew member is acclimatized at the start of the series of duties. Duty 2 (Day 2) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 32: 10 with a TZ difference of 4 hrs. Time difference (h) between reference time and local time where the crew member starts the next duty < 4 ≥ 4 and ≤ 6 > 6 and ≤ 9 > 9 and ≤ 12 Time elapsed since reporting at reference time < 48 48 – 71: 59 72 – 95: 59 96 – 119: 59 ≥ 120 B B D X X X D D Duty 3 (Day 3) Elapsed Since Report at Ref Time 80: 10 with a TZ difference of 4 hrs. Duty 4 (Day 4) Previous Duty period began in a D status TZ difference of 0 hrs. 22: 13 41: 23 36: 09 TAFB is 119: 35 with a maximum Time Zone change of 4 hours, so rest upon return to base must include 3 Local Nights Rest (LNR). Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.

EASA FTL 2016 A Generic Interpretation Understanding EASA FTL 2016 Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements. Version 1. 1 Copyright © 2012 -2015 Understanding EASA FTL 2016 – A Generic Interpretation All rights reserved.