Earths Composition Visual Vocabulary Standards SC 912 E

Earth’s Composition Visual Vocabulary

Standards: • SC. 912. E. 6. 1: Describe and differentiate the layers of Earth and the interactions among them. • SC. 912. E. 6. 3: Analyze the scientific theory of plate tectonics and identify related major Key Concepts and features as a result of moving plates. • SC. 912. E. 6. 2: Connect surface features to surface Key Concepts that are responsible for their formation. • SC. 912. E. 6. 4: Analyze how specific geologic Key Concepts and features are expressed in Florida and elsewhere. • SC. 912. E. 6. 5: Describe the geologic development of the present day oceans and identify commonly found features.

Atmosphere • The whole mass of air that surrounds the Earth

Hydrosphere All of the Earth's water including: • Surface water- water in oceans, lakes, and rivers • Ground water -water in soil and beneath the Earth's surface • Water vapor- water in the atmosphere

Biosphere • Area around the planet Earth where life exists • This zone of life is vast • Most life lives on or near the surface of Earth

Geosphere • The solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle

Water • The basic molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom • These atoms form a strong bond that is difficult to break • Water is one of the most common substances on the Earth • Water covers over 70% of the surface of the Earth

Carbon • Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table • It is a very stable element • Because it is stable, it can be found both by itself and in many compounds • Carbon is in nearly every biological compound that makes up our bodies, systems, organs, cells, and organelles

Oxygen • A chemical element found in the air as a colorless odorless tasteless gas that is necessary for life

Energy • The ability to do work

Nitrogen Cycle • The continuous sequence of events by which nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds in the soil are converted • Nitrogen passes through successive stations in air, soil, and organisms and which principally involves nitrogen fixation, nitrification, decay, and denitrification

Carbon Cycle • The combined processes, including photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration, by which carbon as a component of various compound cycles between its major reservoirs—the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms

Water Cycle • The way that water moves between being water vapor to liquid water and then back to water vapor • An example of water cycle is when the water evaporates from oceans and then returns to the land in the form of rain

Organisms • A creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form • Or something that has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature • An example of an organism is a dog, person or bacteria

Plants • A group of living things that use sunlight to make their own food • Most plants have leaves, stems, roots and flowers or cones • Plants use a green pigment called chlorophyll to absorb energy from sunlight • Grasses, trees, vines, vegetables, cactuses, ferns and mosses are examples of plants

Earth • The planet on which we live • The Earth is the only inner planet to have one large satellite, the moon • The 3 rd planet from the sun

Earth The earth is made up of 4 layers. • Crust • Mantle • Outer Core • Inner Core

Crust • The crust is the layer we live on • It is the thinnest of the layers from 3 miles to 25 miles thick • It is made up primarily of rock and loose materials such as granite and basalt • Underneath the continents, the crust is almost three times as thick as it is under the oceans

Mantle • The mantle is the next layer • It is about 1800 miles thick • This layer is very hot with temperatures of 1400 -4000 degrees. • It is made of a thick, solid, rocky substance that represents about 85% of the total weight and mass of the Earth

Outer Core • The outer core is so hot that it is liquid. • It’s temperatures are between 4000 -9000 degrees. • It extends to a depth of around 3000 mile (4828 km) beneath the surface • It is believed that this outer core is made up of super-heated liquid molten lava • This lava is believed to be mostly iron and nickel

Inner Core • In the absolute center of Earth is the inner core • The inner core extends another 900 miles (1448 km) toward the center of the Earth • It is believed that this inner core is a solid ball of mostly iron and nickel • The inner core reaches temperatures of 9000 degrees. • The metals in the inner core are squeezed together to form a solid core that vibrates in place