EARTHQUAKES Primary Secondary Effects PUBLIC SAFETY RULES Earthquake

EARTHQUAKES Primary & Secondary Effects PUBLIC SAFETY RULES

Earthquake Effects Ground Shaking

Earthquake Effects Surface Faulting

Earthquake Effects Liquefaction

SECONDARY EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES Earthquake induced fires. v Hazardous Material Spills. v Landslides v Tsunami. v Communication Failures. v Epidemics. v Huge amount of debris v Changes of river course. v

Earthquake Effects - Landslides

Earthquake Effects - Fires

Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis 2 1 3

SEA QUAKES Peninsula with faults

EPIDEMICS

DISPOSAL OF DEAD

DEBRIS CLEARENCE

CHANGES IN RIVER COURSE

Seismic Waves

Earthquake Magnitude M 5 M 6 M 7

Earthquake Magnitude Scale Earthquake Effects Estimated No. Each Year 2. 5 or less Usually not felt, but can be recorded by seismograph. 9, 000 2. 5 to 5. 4 Often felt, but only causes minor damage. 30, 000 5. 5 to 6. 0 Slight damage to buildings and other structures. 500 6. 1 to 6. 9 May cause a lot of damage in very populated areas. 100 7. 0 to 7. 9 Major earthquake. Serious damage. 20 8. 0 or greater Great earthquake. Can totally destroy communities near the epicenter. One every 5 to 10 years Magnitude

Earthquake Location Nagpur

Longitude Latitude

DATE TIME MAG REGION 07 FEB 06: 23: 36 4. 8 QUEEN CHALOTTE ISLANDS 06 FEB 16: 25: 21 4. 7 NICOBAR ISLANDS 08: 46: 12 4 GULF OF CALIFORNIA 08: 22: 24 4. 9 SOUTHERN BOLIVIA 06: 07: 56 5. 5 NICOBAR ISLANDS 04: 24: 18 5. 7 ANDAMAN ISLANDS 01: 28: 48 5. 3 WEST OF MACQUARIE ISLANDS 01: 02: 43 5 -DO-

Problems for SAR Teams l Assess the magnitude of the calamities. l Collect information both official & non official agencies for relief works. l Ascertain resources available for relief ops.

Problems for SAR Teams. . . l Coordination of various agencies for : – Evolving a common programme of work. – Drawing up operations plans – Providing facilities like training of volunteers. – Establish liaison between Central & State Governments, Local authorities & Social Welfare Organisiations.

PRECAUTIONS & SAFETY RULES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE TO HUMAN LIFE l Falling bricks/stones & plaster l Splintering glass l Toppling furniture, collapsing walls l Rock and land slides on mountains l Fallen power lines l Sea waves generated l Fires l Panicky human actions

SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS Open area is safer l Move away from falling debris, chimneys, over head tanks l Rushing out through staircase is dangerous l Switch off the lights, power supply & gas connection l

SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS l Move away from glassed windows & doors l Stand behind an inside doorway l Crouch under a desk, table or bench l Don’t stay inside large unsupported halls

SAFETY RULES-BEFORE l Predict the hazards l Place large/heavy objects on ground l Avoid stocks of glass & crystal ware on top l Anchor overhead lighting fixtures l Construct earthquake resistant buildings and follow building codes l Know your local ER/CD set-up

SAFETY RULES-DURING l Remain calm, Plan actions & consequences, Rescue others l If indoors watch for falling objects/debris l Stay away from glass windows, mirrors, chimneys

SAFETY RULES-DURING…. l Get under a table, desk or bed in a corner l Do not run outside l If outside move to open area, avoid high buildings, power poles l If in vehicle, stop in safe place in open area

SAFETY RULES-AFTER l Check for injured persons l Check for fires l Wear shoes in all areas l Check utility lines & appliances for damage l Do not use matches, lighters, switches if any gas leak

SAFETY RULES-AFTER… l Do not eat/drink anything from open l Do not spread rumours l Assist CD & HG, Fire service, Police l Do not crowd in to damaged areas

ANY QUESTIONS