Earthquake hazards z Ground Rupture Alaskan pipe after

Earthquake hazards z. Ground Rupture Alaskan pipe after the Denali quake ruptured through Ground rupture from the M 8. 1 2001 Tibet earthquake

Earthquake hazards (cont. ) z. Shaking y. Wave amplitude y. Wave frequency y. Duration of shaking

Earthquake hazards (cont) z. Liquefaction y. Saturated sand loses strength upon shaking 1964 Nigata Japan z. Tsunami y. Wave wavelength ocean waves that can travel vast distances 2004 Sumatra earthquake

Sumatra Earthquake tsunami

Seismic Hazard of MA

Cape Ann Earthquake 1755 Woodcut illustration depicting damage in Boston from the earthquake

Hazard vs risk z 1989 Macquarie Ridge, New Zealand y. M 8. 3 y. No losses z 1960 Agadir, Morocco y. M 5. 5 y 12, 000 deaths

Earthquake Risk z. Risk = hazard x vulnerability z. The amount of damage and numbers of earthquake related deaths do not correlate to magnitude of the earthquake.

Products of hazard assessment z Active fault map z Historical seismicity z Earthquake likelihood

3 D models assess seismic hazard in Los Angeles, CA SCEC Community Fault Model

Acceptable Risk z Level of acceptable risk depends on the structure z Cannot design for maximum earthquake with low probability z Social question

How would you mitigate damages from…. z. Ground Rupture z. Liquefaction z. Ground Shaking z. Tsunami

Ground Rupture z. Avoid construction z. Relocate sensitive facilities z. Implement low use facilities y. Playing fields y. Green space

Portola Valley California

Liquefaction z. Recognize liquefaction potential z. In-situ remediation z. Avoid construction in liquefaction prone areas

Tsunami mitigation z. Early warning system y. Broadcast signal to beaches after a major earthquake anywhere in the ocean basin z. Saftey guidelines y. Go to high ground y. Climb a tree

Ground Shaking z. Recognize the degree of probable ground shaking in the area z. Improve construction methods to accommodate shaking without collapse