EARTH SYSTEMS Lesson 1 What earth systems are

EARTH SYSTEMS Lesson 1: What earth systems are present in our ahupuaʻa?

WHAT IS A SYSTEM? Ecosystem, Solar system Systems have parts that interact together. Energy and matter may come into the system and go out of the system to interact with other systems.

WHAT IS AN AHUPUAʻA? It is a traditional Hawaiian land division that usually runs from the mountain summits to the outer edge of the ocean reefs. Residents have rights to resources only within their own ahupuaʻa.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What earth systems are present in our ahupuaʻa? How can I use a model to help me understand? What is a model?

WHAT IS A MODEL? A simplified representation of a system that can explain and help make predictions regarding phenomena. • • • diagrams physical replicas mathematical representations analogies (like labs) computer simulations

Why is understanding earth systems in our ahupuaʻa important?

EXPERIMENT What do you think will happen if the bowl of hot water is enclosed in a plastic bag? In your workbook, record your predictions. “If hot water…, then…”

EXPERIMENT Observe what is happening. What do you notice? How is this experiment like the earth?

EXPERIMENT We can’t see the gas particles that make up water vapor. How do we know they were there? At what point can we see that water again?

EXPERIMENT Why is the water flowing downward on the bag of dirt (mountains) to the water in the bowl (ocean)?

THINK-ABOUT-IT How has the location of water sources affected where people have settled?

KA MOKUPUNI O OAHU Native Hawaiians used the flow of water to help create subdivisions of the land. The island of Oahu has been examined for its historical ahupua'a land divisions. The ahupua'a is an entire valley from the mountain top to the edge of the coral reef in the sea with ridges marking the boundaries. There are 3 parts of the ahupua'a: uka (mountain), kula (plains), and kai (sea).

HYDROSPHERE Does anyone know another name for the water cycle? We are going to learn about the hydrosphere and make a map of the names of the parts of the hydrosphere we live.

Identify the parts of the hydrosphere with a blue crayon.

DIRECTIONS: Label and draw arrows showing the direction of the cycle. Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through stomata in their leaves.

EARTH SYSTEMS The surface the water is flowing on is part of another sphere, and we are going to see how it is formed in Hawaii.

THINK-ABOUT-IT How does what you saw in the video relate to the formation of the Hawaiian islands?

THINK-ABOUT-IT The islands were formed by a “hot spot” under the ocean floor which created one island at a time through volcanic eruptions as the Earth’s crust moved over that spot.

GEOSPHERE What is the earth system which includes the hot mantle where lava comes from and the hard outer crust of the earth that we usually see? The prefix geo- means earth.

Identify the parts of the geosphere with a brown crayon.

Is the geosphere different in different places? Hawaii - basalt (from lava) and limestone (from coral and shells) Continents - formed earlier when earths crust pushed up along fault lines have metals (from mantle) and fossil fuels (living things trapped underground)

THINK-ABOUT-IT How does the hydrosphere interact with the geosphere to create landforms around us?

ATMOSPHERE To figure out what the next sphere is blow on your hands. Did you see anything on your hand when you blew? Did you feel anything on your hand?

ATMOSPHERE Even though air is made of gases that are made of particles too small to be seen, we know it is there because we can feel it.

ATMOSPHERE Most gas is within 10 miles of earth’s surface. The gases that make up air are held to earth by gravity in a layer that reaches 62 miles and protects us from sun’s UV radiation Nitrogen - 78%and keeps the earth from being- 21% as cold as outer space by Oxygen Argon - 1% some of the heat radiation trapping Carbon Dioxide - 0. 04% created when the sunlight hits the Trace gases surface of the earth.

Identify the parts of the atmosphere with a pink crayon.

THINK-ABOUT-IT Which sphere do you think has not been highlighted yet on our model?

BIOSPHERE Animals and plants. The biosphere is all living things, including plants, animals, bacteria and fungi no matter where they are found - in the air, on land, in the soil or in the water. Even when they die they are still part of the biosphere until they decompose or are burned.

Identify the parts of the biosphere with a green crayon.