Earth Science Water systems on Earth Outcome D
- Slides: 11
Earth Science: Water systems on Earth Outcome D 1 – Explain the significance of salinity and temperature in the world’s oceans
Distribution of water on Earth – When we look at satellite images, about 70% of Earth is covered in water
Distribution of water on Earth – About 3% of all of this water is “freshwater” – Freshwater is water that we can drink – The other 97% is saltwater, mainly in oceans – Removing salt from saltwater to make it drinkable is still very expensive
Distribution of water on Earth All water on earth Saltwater (97%) Freshwater (3%) Lakes and rivers Ground water Icebergs and Glaciers
Freshwater vs Salt water – Salt water has a lot of salt in it About 35 g of salt in every Litre of water. – Salinity – the amount of salt dissolved in water (How “salty” the water is) – Ocean water vs fresh water: 1. Ocean water has a density 1. 027 g/m. L instead of 1. 0 g/m. L 2. Ocean water freezes at about -1. 9 o. C instead of 0 o. C
Oceans on Earth – Ocean currents – a large amount of ocean water that moves in a particular direction, without changing
Oceans on Earth – Ocean currents help to circulate (move): minerals, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients that are dissolved in the ocean water – Ocean currents are divided into two types: 1. Deep water currents 2. Surface currents
Oceans on Earth – Deep water currents – are caused by salinity and ocean temperatures – Cooler water is more dense and sinks beneath the warmer water. As the water sinks, it causes the movement of water – Water with high salinity is also more dense. This works like cooler water, where it sinks and causes the movement of water
Oceans on Earth – Surface currents – are caused by wind, the Earth’s spin, and the shape of the continents – Wind – caused by the temperature differences on the surface of the Earth
Oceans on Earth – Earth’s spin - The Earth spins from West to East. As winds and currents move, its pathway changes due to the Earth spinning.
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