Earth Science Review Will you be ready or

Earth Science Review Will you be ready or will I see you in September? ? again

Things to bring!!! • • Pen 2 sharpened pencils Calculator Your Brain!

Things not to Bring!!!! • • Cell Phones ipods, hpods, mp 3 players etc… Bad attitudes Laziness

Study • You are not through with this class until after exams, and then again, maybe not • 20 to 30 minutes a night

Facts to Remember • Glaciers create U-shaped valleys

Rivers= V-shaped valleys

When the sun is highest in the sky, your shadow is shortest (noon/June 21 st)

Solar Eclipse occurs when moon blocks out the sun as seen from Earth (New moon phase)

Water has a high Specific Heat • Which means it takes a long time and energy to increase temperature, but it also takes a long time to cool down

Water’s Specific Heat is the reason why…… • Marine Climate (AREAS BY LARGE BODIES OF WATER) – Are cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter • Small temperature range

Lunar Eclipse • May happen during the full moon phase when the Earth casts a shadow on the moon

Be Prepared, Don’t let the Earth Science Exam be a “Heart Breaker”!

High Pressure Systems • Spin Clockwise and out from center/ sinking air • Clear, cool weather • No rain or precipitation

Dirt is a dirty word!! • Soil takes a long time to develop, however soil is created quicker in warm humid climates Soil is made of organic materials (humus) and pieces of weathered rock

Air Pressure decreases as altitude increases!

Low Pressure Systems • Spin Counterclockwise and in towards center • Storms/Bad weather rain / Rising Air c. P m. T

The Closer air temp. is to dewpoint. Temp. the greater the chance for rain • High humidity as well 76 Convert air pressure less than 500 add a 10 in front more than 500 add a 9 in front, and last number is made a

Angle of Insolation & Seasons NYS longest duration of Insolation on June 21 st (summer Solstice) Shortest Dec 21 st (winter solstice) 12 hrs. of day & night on March 21 st & Sept 21 st (equinox)

Earthquakes & Volcanoes occur at Plate Boundaries San Andres Fault Ring of Fire

Metamorphism (heat and/or pressure) As Heat & pressure are increased the rock will change Shale changes to Slate changes to Phyllite changes to Schist changes to Gneiss If life gives you schist, make gneiss of it!

Outside Curve Faster (erosion) Inside Curve Slower (deposition) Sandbar – depositional feature Cutbank – erosional feature

Cold Dry Air Comes From Canada (Just like Justin Bieber) Responsible for cold fronts c. P – continental Polar

Convergent Boundary – ocean crust (dense) meets continental (less dense) Volcanoes Melting Ocean Trench Subduction

Convection Currents in the Upper Mantle cause Plate Movement Redlines – new crust Yellow lines – older crust Midocean Ridge

Contour Lines Highest Possible Elevation of x = 69 When close together contour lines indicates a steep slope When far apart, contour lines indicate a gentle slope The of profile hills are rounded off, but do not touch the next contour line

Water Expands When it Freezes Responsible for a lot of weathering in cold moist climate like NYS (potholes)

Planetary Winds Belts Winds do not move straight because of the Coriolis Effect Low Pressure Dry Wet NYS is affected by the South West winds. That’s why our weather usually moves in that direction.

Horizontal Sorting – larger particles get deposited first, then smaller ones when a stream meets a lake or ocean

Ocean Tides Spring Tides (really high and low tides) Neap Tides (not so high and low tides)

Internal Arrangement of a mineral’s atoms are responsible for hardness, cleavage and streak.

The altitude of Polaris above the horizon equals degrees North latitude!

Groundwater Zone of Aeration – pore spaces between particles are filled w/ air Zone of Saturation – pore spaces are filled with water Water Table Capillaritywhen water goes up (small particles)l

Mid-Atlantic Ridge Divergent Boundary

Time Zones 15 Degrees of Longitude Add 1 hr. for every 15 degrees East Subtract 1 hr. for every 15 degrees West

Latitude and Longitude B= 25 S 55 W D= 60 N 60 E

Latitude Here = 66. 5 Degrees North

Summer Solstice June 21 st- N. Hemisphere Tilted Towards Sun Direct Rays @ 23. 5 N – Tropic of Cancer

Sun’s Path Across the Sky Summer Path Fall / Spring Path Winter Path

Older Rock Layers are at the Bottom Sequence of Rock Layers – C, B, A, D D- igneous intrusion happened last since it goes through all layers Igneous Intrusion would scorch A sandstone into quartzite B shale into slate Limestone into marble

Seasons Spring March 21 st Summer June 21 st Winter Dec 21 st Fall Sept 21 st

Equinox –March 21 st & Sept. 21 st Direct Rays fall on the equator twice a year. Everywhere on Earth gets 12 hr. of day & night.

Precambrain Time is as old school as Rob Base 88% of Earth’s 4. 6 Billion year Existance Precambrian Time Humans on Earth

Incoming Insolation in the form shortwave Ultraviolet radiation (strong & gets through) Infrared radiation – long waves and weaker

Seasons are opposite in Southern Hemisphere Winter in S. Hemisphere Summer in S. Hemisphere

Weather Instruments Psychrometer - humidity Barometer – Air Pressure Anemometer – wind speed Thermometer - temperature

Glaciers leave behind unsorted sediments (mixture of sizes)

Close isobars on weather indicate fast wind speed Windy

Revolution vs. Rotation 15 degrees per hour 1 degree per day

More Water in Stream means faster Velocity (speed)

Rivers flow opposite way contour lines bend Stream flows in a SE direction here

Remember these facts and I have a good feeling that you can pass!

Convection cells in Asthenosphere Cause the Movement of Plate Tectonics

Ocean Crust is Mafic & Continental Crust is Felsic • Mafic Basalt • Felsic Granite

Redshift = Expanding Universe

Gases from Volcanoes Made up the Earth’s 1 st Atmosphere • Poisonous and smelly (fart)

Then simple ocean living organisms(bacteria) released oxygen into atmosphere over billions of years

Dark, rough surfaces absorb insolation fast while light, smooth surfaces reflect insolation

Adirondack Mountains are made of metamorphic rocks • Heat and pressure from when N. America Crashed into Africa (long ago)

During Heavy Rains • Water does not infiltrate ground, but becomes runoff

Impermeable Surfaces • Like roads, do not allow water to soak in Clay soils are also impermeable

Index Fossils –Lived everywhere/short time

Seabreeze LOW High

Hey Look, at one time places like NYS were close to equator • That’s why we have limestone & coral fossils in NYS • PA has coal

Clouds form by rising air cooling & condensing • Dewpoint Temp. is reached

Listen up!! Don’t be worthless and weak!!! You need to be prepared! Knowing about rocks is cool! Especially cobble!

Hey, I didn’t write the exam. • Actually I don’t like the exam, but “WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH IT” • So these test taking tips will help

Tips for Multiple Choice Questions • Read the question and try to answer before looking at the choices

Tips for Multiple Choice Questions • Read the question and try to answer before looking at the choices

Tips for Multiple Choice Questions • Eliminate obvious distracters

Tips for Multiple Choice Questions • Just because a choice may have some truth, it does not mean that it answers the question

Tips for Multiple Choice Questions Also… • Read all choices before answering a question • Skip over hard questions for later • Information in one part of the test may be helpful in other parts • Do not leave any answers blank -- if all else fails, guess

Constructed Response Questions • Contains multiple parts and/or steps • Requires you to develop your own response • Included on the exam to: – assess your understanding rather than your memorization – demonstrate your ability to solve problems and integrate data – display your knowledge of skills such as graphing, calculating, and drawing isolines and profiles

Tips for Constructed Response Questions • Know what will be expected of you • Always include units in your answers • Use your answer sheet for clues on how to answer questions

Constructed Response – Practice 1

Constructed Response – Practice 1 B A C

Constructed Response – Practice 1 The water velocity decreases; or The particles slow down and are deposited

Don’t Stress Dr. M out and Listen!!!

Remember! • School does not end until you pass the exam

Pass or Fail It’s up to you! Pass Fail It’s not magic, you must be prepared and ready ?

Be Ready! • Study a little bit each day right up to exam

Take Your Time On Exam • You have three hours, use it • Do not rush just to join your friends for lunch etc…

Have a Positive Attitude • Be calm, not all hyped up right before exam • Don’t get lazy, use reference tables to look up answers

Use Test Taking Skills • • Eliminate dumb choices Do not leave blanks Read all directions Read all parts to each question

Be Prepared • 2 pencils • Pen • calculator

Feel Good! • Bring a sweatshirt/hoody, it may be cold, and they make good pillows after you finish • Eat lunch before exam – It is difficult to concentrate when you are hungry • Get a good nights sleep – Do not play video games etc… until 3 am

NO CELL PHONES

Earth Science Exam No Laziness Allowed!!!!

HOPEFULLY I DO NOT SEE YOU IN EARTH SCIENCE CLASS AGAIN. – Hopefully just in the hallways

Shout to Bubbles Calcite .