Earth Science CRCT 3 2008 1 What is

Earth Science CRCT 3 2008

• 1. What is located beneath soil layers? A. Bedrock B. Humus C. Lava D. Tundra

2. You are preparing for an experiment in which you will use a Bunsen burner to heat a substance. Which of the safety symbols below would you most likely see in the directions for this experiment? A C B D

• 3. Which of the following SI units would a scientist use to express the mass of an object? • • A liters B kilograms C cubic meters D meters

• 4. When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs? A. a cloud B. a rainbow C. a sunset D. a tornado

• 5. What must a scientist always be sure of? • A that observations meet expectations • B that records of observations are accurate • C that observations are supported by opinions • D that observations prove that a hypothesis is true

• 6. Which of the following physical properties does a graduated cylinder determine? • A the density of an object • B the mass of an object • C the volume of an object • D the temperature of an object

• 7. Which of the following types of models is based on making comparisons with familiar things to help illustrate or explain an idea? • A conceptual models • B climate models • C physical models • D mathematical models

• 8. Wind power is not typically used to generate all of the electricity needed for large cities because the — • A. energy source is inconsistent. B. waste products are unsafe. C. fuel expenses are too great. D. energy produced is not in a usable form.

9. Which step belongs at point A in the flowchart of scientific methods? • A Present the Findings • B Organize the Data • C Construct a Theory • D Test the Hypothesis

• 10. A hurricane that hits the coast of the southeastern United States is most likely formed in the • A. Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. B. Atlantic Ocean off the New England coast. C. equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean. D. in the Arctic Ocean north of Canada.

• 11. For frost to be on the grass in the morning, the water vapor in the air must • A. evaporate and freeze. B. boil and condense. C. condense and freeze. D. boil and evaporate.

• 12. Extrusive rocks have small grains because they — • A. cool quickly. B. harden underground. C. contain rare minerals. D. have a rough mixture.

• 13. How have mathematics and technology changed the way scientists create models? • A Scientists can create models that prevent natural catastrophes. • B Scientists can create models that make exact predictions about the future. • C Scientists can create models from large amounts of data from many different variables. • D Scientists can create models that no longer require them to use scientific methods.

• 14. Kate is building a model of the solar system. She chooses a basketball to represent Earth. She wants her model to represent the relative sizes of all the planets and the Moon accurately. • Which of the following should Kate use to represent the Moon? • A. a marble B. a Ping-Pong ball C. a softball D. a soccer ball

• 15. Janet designed an experiment to determine whether the depth of water in a container had an effect on how quickly the water evaporated. In order to carry out her experiment, which variable would Janet need to change? • A. the amount of water in the container B. the width of the container C. the location of the container D. the material the container is made of

• 16. The Earth's surface can change either quickly or slowly. Which of these can happen when rocks and soil in the Earth move suddenly? A. Landslides B. Tornadoes C. Hurricanes D. Blizzards

• 17. Which natural force creates surface ocean currents? A. gravity B. sunlight C. earthquakes D. wind

• 18. Marty learned that a planet's orbital velocity is related to its distance from the Sun. He noted that orbital velocities range from 4. 7 km/sec (Pluto) to 47. 8 km/sec (Mercury). Which planet is likely to have an orbital velocity of 5. 4 km/sec? A. Venus B. Earth C. Mars D. Neptune

• 19. When does the scientific community accept the results of a scientific experiment? • A when other scientists have carefully reviewed the completed experiment • B before the results of an experiment have been communicated • C after a hypothesis has been developed • D during data gathering

• 20. A comet is largely made up of • A. iron and nickel. B. rock. C. petroleum. D. water and ice.

• 21. Which of the following most likely results in the formation of a fossil? A. A Mesozoic clam lies exposed on the surface of the sea floor. B. A Mesozoic clam is washed up onto the beach. C. A Mesozoic clam is eaten by a large predatory fish. D. A Mesozoic clam is buried by a mudslide.

• 22. Why do scientists sometimes communicate different results about the same topic? • A Not all scientists use scientific methods. • B The results of scientific experiments can never be reproduced. • C Scientists support only their own opinions. • D Scientific data can be interpreted in different ways.

• 23. What do scientists do when the results of an experiment do not support a theory? • A Scientists conduct further experiments. • B Scientists reject the results of the experiment. • C Scientists reject theory. • D Scientists change the scientific method.

• 24. Which of these statements about Earth's crust is true? • A. It is a layer of solid rock that remains the same throughout time. B. It includes the continents, but not the ocean floor. C. It is a changing, moving surface with the same thickness everywhere. D. It is a system of large masses called plates that slowly move together or apart.

25. Which of these will cause the greatest high tides?