Earth Science Chapter 1 Prologue The Local Environment

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Earth Science Chapter 1 Prologue

Earth Science Chapter 1 Prologue

The Local Environment • Observation – Use of one or more of the senses

The Local Environment • Observation – Use of one or more of the senses to learn something about the environment • Instruments improve our ability to make observations. • Inference – Interpretation of observations • Classification – Grouping of observations

Properties of the Environment • Measurement – Describes observations using numbers – Two common

Properties of the Environment • Measurement – Describes observations using numbers – Two common systems are metric (SI) and English. – Metric System Kilo Hecto Deca Meter Deci Centi Milli 1000 10 1. 1. 001

Density • Density – Quantity of matter in a given space M – Density

Density • Density – Quantity of matter in a given space M – Density = Mass D V Volume • Mass is the amount matter in an object – Weight is the pull of gravity on an object • Volume is the amount of space an object takes up

Density • Each pure substance has a particular density. • The density of most

Density • Each pure substance has a particular density. • The density of most materials increases as they change from gas to liquid to solid. • Water is an exception to this “rule”. – The maximum density of water occurs in the liquid state at 4 degrees Celsius. • Change in density of a gas – Increased temperature = decreased density – Increased pressure = increased density

The Nature of Change • Characteristics of change – Event • Any change or

The Nature of Change • Characteristics of change – Event • Any change or series of changes • Events can be instantaneous like lightning or gradual like the wearing away of mountains. • Earth scientists are interested in describing the events of change and discovering the causes.

The Nature of Change – Rate of change • How long it takes for

The Nature of Change – Rate of change • How long it takes for a change to occur • Rate of change = change in value time – Graphs • Graphing change gives you a picture of what is happening. • A graph shows you how one factor is changing with respect to another.

The Nature of Change

The Nature of Change

The Nature of Change • Cyclic changes – Events that repeat themselves regularly –

The Nature of Change • Cyclic changes – Events that repeat themselves regularly – Examples • Rock cycle, water cycle, seasons, moon phases • Dynamic equilibrium – When there is a balance between changes • Interface – The boundary between different systems

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