EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA PYRAMIDS

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Fertile Crescent – fertile farmland between the Tigris and Euphrates

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Dynasty – a series of rulers from a single family.

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Empire – nation controlled under one ruler. Sargon of Akkad

PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE Delta – is a broad, marshy, triangular area of land

PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE Egyptians wrote using Hieroglyphics Papyrus – was used as paper.

Rosetta Stone Found by Napoleon’s soldiers in the late 18 th century Had writing

Pharaohs Rulers of ancient Egypt Worshiped as a living god – Theocracy Narmer –

Pyramids These were resting places for Pharaohs after death.

EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 2500 -1750 BCE

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Subcontinent – the landmass of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Monsoons –

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Harappa Civilization – originated along the Indus River. Major cities –

EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Two major Rivers – Chiang Jiang and

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Dynasties – start around 2000 BCE –

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Mandate of Heaven – the ruler and

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Ancestor Worship – Chinese believed the spirits

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EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE PLANNED CITIES ON THE INDUS RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Fertile Crescent – fertile farmland between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia – “land between the rivers. ” City-state – a city and the surrounding land it controlled.

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Dynasty – a series of rulers from a single family. Cultural Diffusion – the process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another. Polytheism- the belief in more than one god.

CITY STATES IN MESOPOTAMIA Empire – nation controlled under one ruler. Sargon of Akkad – 2350 BCE – he created the first empire when he conquered Sumer. Hammurabi – 1792 BCE – Babylonia leader who constructed a code of laws.

PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE Delta – is a broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the Nile River. (the delta begins 100 miles before the river enters the Mediterranean Sea) Egypt has an arid climate, the Nile gives life to this region.

PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE

PYRAMIDS ON THE NILE Egyptians wrote using Hieroglyphics Papyrus – was used as paper. Worshiped many gods including Ra – sun god Osiris – god of rebirth

Rosetta Stone Found by Napoleon’s soldiers in the late 18 th century Had writing in Hieroglyphics and Greek Why was it important?

Pharaohs Rulers of ancient Egypt Worshiped as a living god – Theocracy Narmer – the first Pharaoh to unify Egypt in 3000 BCE. Buried in tombs and later pyramids after being mummified

Pyramids These were resting places for Pharaohs after death.

EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 2500 -1750 BCE

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Subcontinent – the landmass of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Monsoons – seasonal winds that dominate India’s climate. (winter monsoons are dry and summer monsoons are wet)

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Harappa Civilization – originated along the Indus River. Major cities – Kalibangan, Mohenjo. Daro, and Harappa. Planned cities – made of brick to prevent flooding; including bathrooms and sewers.

EARLY RIVER CIVILIZATIONS RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Two major Rivers – Chiang Jiang and the Huang He – aka “the yellow river” – which receives its color from yellow silt called – loess.

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Dynasties – start around 2000 BCE – the Xia Dynasty. Shang Dynasty – 1750 -1027 BCE – the first dynasty to leave written records.

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Mandate of Heaven – the ruler and dynasty have divine approval. Dynastic Cycle – rise, decline and replacement of dynasties. Feudalism – a political system in which nobles owe loyalty and military service to the ruler and protection to the people who live in their estates.

RIVER DYNASTIES IN CHINA 2000 -200 BCE Ancestor Worship – Chinese believed the spirits of family ancestors had the power to help or hurt the living family members. Oracle Bones – animal bones and tortoise shells on which priests had scratched questions for the gods.