Early Republic Washington Adams I II Intro Washington

Early Republic: Washington & Adams I. II. Intro Washington (1789 -1797) A. The Man B. Cabinet C. Foreign Policy D. Parties Emerge III. Adams (1797 -1801) A. “The Man” B. Quasi-War & Responses IV. Conc. • • • Key Terms Pinckney’s Treaty Federalists Democratic-Republicans XYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

HBO series Washington takes oath http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=L 2 o 9 mx 5 SCs&feature=related

Colbert-near-president obama (Fast forward 60 seconds) http: //www. colbertnation. com/the-colbert-reportvideos/216605/january-22 -2009/near-president-obama

George Washington (1789 -1797) • “The Man” • Acted as a role model for all future presidents

Washington’s Plantation Mount Vernon House & Servant’s Hall House & Kitchen

George Washington to Burgess Ball New York, January, 18. 1790. Dear Sir, Your letter of the 26. of December came duly to hand, but occurences of various kinds have prevented an acknowledgement of it till this time. I am not at all uneasy at the delay, or impatient for the settlement of the estate accounts of my deceased Mother; I am persuaded they will be rendered in due time, and to the satisfaction of all concerned—To pay all she owed is my first wish—to render unto every one their due is the next—The method which has been taken to dispose of the effects is, I presume, the best; and I am satisfied therewith—That none of the families of Negroes have been parted (where it could be avoided) is very agreeable to me.

George Washington to Burgess Ball I am well pleased that Mr Carter is inclined to take possession of my lots in Fredericksburg 1—We shall not disagree about the price, or in the mode of payment; of which be so good as to inform him. 2 I hope you have got through your difficulties on account of your surety-ship for Major Willis, and without loss—when you engaged in this business you neglected the advice of the wise man—than which no better I believe is to be found in his whole book—or among all his sayings “Beware of suretyship” 3—Offer my love and good wishes to Fanny and the family—accept the same yourself and those of Mrs Washington. I am &ca G. Washington.

Washington’s Cabinet = Geographic Balance Alexander Hamilton (NY) Henry Knox (NE) Thomas Jefferson (VA) Edmund Randolph (VA)

Foreign Policy: War In Europe (1789 -1815) • French Revolution began in 1789; France vs. Europe (led by British) • US shipping is caught in the middle…. • Washington declares: US = Neutral Napoleon (1769 -1821)

Foreign Policy: Spain Two Concerns 1. US farmers want access to Mississippi River 2. Boundary dispute in Southeast Disputed Territorial Claims, Spain and the United States, 1783– 1796 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Foreign Policy: Spain Solution = Pinckney’s Treaty (1796) 1. Granted Americans free access to Mississippi River & New Orleans 2. 31° Parallel = US New Orleans Under My Wings boundary with Florida ü VERY popular in US Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Political Parties Federalists Alexander Hamilton • Who: Hamilton, Washington, & Adams • Where: Northeast • Issues: Strong Central Government, Pro-business George Washington • Constitution: “Loose Interpretation” • Foreign Policy: Pro. British

Interpreting the Constitution (Federalists View) Loose Interpretation • Elastic Clause: Congress had power to “make all laws Necessary & Proper” to carry out its functions üFocus = Strong National Government Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1792 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Political Parties Democratic-Republicans • Who: Jefferson & Madison • Where: South & West • Issues: States Rights & James Madison Small Farmers • Constitution: “Strict Interpretation” Thomas Jefferson • Foreign Policy: Pro-French Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Interpreting the Constitution (Democratic-Republican’s View) Strict Interpretation • Congress only had powers specifically granted in the Constitution • All other powers were reserved to the states: üFocus = States Rights Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Washington’s Farewell Address (1797) • Condemned Political Parties üEstablished precedent of Presidents serving only two terms George Washington, by John Trumble Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Election Of 1796 (Candidates & Results) • John Adams = Federalist • Thomas Jefferson = Democratic-Republican • Adams won; Jefferson = Vice President

John Adams (“The Man”) • A lawyer from Massachusetts, & member of Continental Congress • Diplomat in France during American Revolution; Washington’s Vice President 1735 -1826

John Adams’ Homes

Correspondence; John & Abigail Source: Massachusetts Historical Society; Adams Papers Digital Edition

John Adams’ Receipts Source: SCI/series 45 X Massachusetts State Archives Collection, v. 210: p. 295

Correspondence; John & Abigail (Abigail to John March 31 -April 5, 1776) “I long to hear that you have declared an independency -- and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation. ” Source: Massachusetts Historical Society; Adams Papers Digital Edition

XYZ Affair (1797) • French seized 300 US ships 1796 -97 • US sent diplomats to France; French officials demanded a bribe • HUGE Anti-French sentiment in US & led to “Quasi War” with France in Caribbean Property Protected, a la Francoise During XYZ Affair Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) Federalists Wanted To Silence Foreigners & Critics: üPresident could expel any foreigner determined to be a threat to the nation üIllegal to defame or criticize President or Government Alien & Sedition Act

Alien & Sedition Acts: Response • Presidential critics = Furious! • Respond with… Congress, 1798

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798) 1. States could judge constitutionality of laws passed by Congress 2. If national government overstepped its powers, states could nullify laws 3. Written by… ü Crisis: was the country being ripped apart…? James Madison VP Thomas Jefferson

Early Republic: Washington & Adams I. II. Intro Washington (1789 -1797) A. The Man B. Cabinet C. Foreign Policy D. Parties Emerge III. Adams (1797 -1801) A. “The Man” B. Quasi-War & Responses IV. Conc. • • • Key Terms Pinckney’s Treaty Federalists Democratic-Republicans XYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions