Early People and River Civilizations Early People Hunters

Early People and River Civilizations

Early People • Hunters and Gatherers – Nomads: People who move to find food • Paleolithic: Stone Age – Used simple tools and Language • Spiritual Beliefs – Buried dead with tools and weapons, and with care.

Cultural Diffusion • What does this mean?

Scientists believe that humans migrated from Africa into Europe, across Asia, and then across the land bridge to N. America. What else came with these people?

Neolithic Revolution • Warming Climate – Permanent settlements based on Agriculture. (Traditional Economy) • Social classes – New technology • Domesticated Animals

Egypt

Egypt is a country located on the continent of Africa. The Nile River runs through Egypt. The Nile River allowed the people of Egypt to develop and thrive.

Polytheistic…. . God of Name Appearance Sun Ra head of falcon and sun disk Music Hathor horns of cow and sun disk Destruction Sekhmet head of lion Sky Nut blue with golden stars Earth Geb colour of plants and Nile mud Dead Osiris dressed in white with crook and flail Desert Seth animal head with long curved snout Pharoah Horus head of hawk and crown of Egypt Magic Isis throne on head or holding baby Wisdom Thoth head of ibis Embalming Anubis head of jackal Justice Ma'at feather in her hair Creation Amun crowned with feathers Cats Bastet head of cat

Pharaoh: God and a King. Dynasty:

Egyptian Social Classes Pharaoh Women had the highest statues in Egypt compared to any other ancient culture. Priests Nobles Craftspeople and Merchants Peasant Farmers Slaves

Contributions • • • Advances in Science and Art Human Anatomy, from mummification. Calendar Monuments. Hieroglyphics.

Recap: • • Ancient River Civilization Social Hierarchy Language Art Science Religion Government

Mesopotamia • • Tigris and Euphrates rivers Fertile Crescent Polytheistic Government: – Each city had a hereditary ruler. – Collected taxes, enforced laws. • • • Social Classes Strong trade economy Irrigation Systems Cuneiform: system of writing Algebra and Geometry

Other Middle East Civilizations • Assyrians • Persians • Babylonians – HAMMURABI: • Code of Hammurabi: a set of written laws. Established standards of justice for all classes. “an eye for an eye. ” Punishment was harsh. • If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. • If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.

Characteristics of a Civilization • • • Settlement Language Government Religion Art/Architecture Social Structure

Assignment • Venn Diagram comparing Egypt to Mesopotamia