Early Middle Ages vs High Middle Ages Use
- Slides: 44
Early Middle Ages vs. High Middle Ages Use the following word bank to complete the graphic organizer: –Catholic Church – Feudal Lords – Feudal –Serfs – Violence –Manors – Roman Empire –Roman – Feudalism –Cities Feudalism – –Monarchs –Muslims – –Spices –Crusades – King –Algebra –King
Task #1 – Complete the notes we started on Friday – Decline of Feudalism 100 Year’s War England v. France
Decline of Feudalism— 100 Years War n Beginning in 1337, England invaded France to take over lands that belonged to William the Conqueror (a Frenchman who ruled England in 1066) n Began 116 years of turmoil n But there were major effects of 100 Years War:
New Weapons n Longbow— 6 -foot Longbow bows that could fire length of 3 football fields (replaced feudal fighting technique of using exclusively knights on horseback) n Cannons—used Chinese Cannons technology of gunpowder to shoot 20 -inch stone balls (replaced feudal practice of relying on castles for protection)
Nationalism n People looked at the King as a national leader fighting for the glory of the nation-state n English people were proud when England defeated France in battle; French people were proud when France defeated England in battle France England
Joan of Arc n England & France traded victories for 92 years, but in 1429 a young girl named Joan of Arc had a vision that she could lead France to victory n Under her leadership, France defeated England n BUT, Joan was captured & condemned to die by fire; Joan of Arc is considered a French hero & religious saint
The Hundred Years War England VS. France
Middle Ages Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in England & France
Rise of Nations n After decline of Rome, Western Europe fell under rule of many different groups of people n Fighting occurred almost constantly among these groups n Feudalism emerged as a form of government that offered protection
Rise of Nations n Except for Charlemagne, kings had very little power because their lands & power was transferred to the nobles n BUT, in 1100 s European monarchs (kings) began to build strong nation-states n Nation-state is group of people under 1 government, with definite territorial borders, common culture & language
Strong Monarchies n England & France were Europe’s 1 st nation-states n The role of the monarchy (king) grew stronger in England & France in the 1300 s n The growth of nations led to the beginning of Nationalism (loyalty to a nation-state rather than feudal lord)
England n After the collapse of the Roman Empire, England was dominated by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles & Saxons; groups combined in 866 & kingdom became known as England (“Angleland”)
England n Norman Invasion—William, Invasion Duke of Normandy invaded England in 1066 & became a very powerful king of England (became known as William the Conqueror)
England n William’s grandson, Henry II, set up system of common law—using law judges & courts to make sure law is obeyed –Grand Juries— Juries examined crimes –Petit Juries—decided guilt Juries or innocence of suspects
England n Henry II’s son, John, was weak & unpopular king who upset feudal lords; forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215 – 1 st document to limit the power of a king (king could not collect taxes without approval of a Great Council of nobles)
England n As middle class began to grow, they wanted representation in Great Council; 1295, king allowed middle class to join—became known as Parliament –Parliament limited king by advising him on government decisions
Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses n In 1455, England had a civil war as 2 royal families claimed the throne: Lancaster (red rose) & York (white) n Henry Tudor was related to both families & ended the civil war—Henry was then named king
Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses n Effects: –Many nobles died or fled during war, which strengthened monarchy & further reduced feudalism
France n KEY IDEA: IDEA Instead of creating a nation-state with strong king then limiting power of king like England, France creates a nation -state with strong king who got stronger
France n After Charlemagne died, Frankish kings were very weak; nobles in France ruled as if there was no king n In 987 Hugh Capet took French throne from a weak king; strengthened French monarchy –Freed peasants from feudal lords; people became loyal to king not lords
n Created France Estates-General—group Estates-General of nobles, church members, peasants to help raise taxes –But, Estates-General never became as powerful in France as Parliament was in England…so… –The French king grew more powerful than the English king (who was limited by Parliament)
First Estate—Clergy (Priests) Second Estate—Nobles Third Estate—Commoners
Complete Strengthening Monarchies Use the following word bank to complete the sentences provided: –Hugh Capet –Parliament –Crusades –William –War of the Roses – 100 Years War –Limited –Magna Carta –Black Death –Monarch
Middle Ages: Rise of Spain as a Nation
Spain n The Islamic Empire controlled most of Spain since 750 n BUT, Christians began to retake Spain around time of Crusades (quest known as Reconquista) n By late 1400 s, the Reconquista was successful; Spain was ruled by exclusively by Christian kings n But Spain was divided into feudal territories—it was not unified
Islamic (Muslim) Territory
Islamic Territory
Spain n Spain was united when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 n Began Spanish Inquisition—used Inquisition trials, torture, imprisonment to rid Spain of all Jews & Muslims (“one king, one law, one faith”)
Middle Ages: Rise of Russia as a Nation
Byzantines Influence Slavs n Slavs—nomads migrated from Europe to Asia; warred with Byzantines n Because of contact, Slavs began to convert to Christianity & adopted many Byzantine customs –Cyril developed alphabet so they could read Bible—Cyrillic Alphabet –Russian king was impressed with Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like Constantinople, not Rome
SLAVS BYZANTINES
Russia n During 1200 s, the Mongols invaded & ruled over all of Russia (& Asia and China, too!) n But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols tribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from Mongol control n Ivan III became czar (Slavic word for king) & made Moscow capital of new empire
Russia n Under Ivan IV, the power of feudal lords was weakened & Russia conquered more land from Mongols; Ivan IV married Anastasia Romanov (Romanov family will be important later!!) n But, Ivan IV ruled by terror, murdered thousands of Russians, even his own son (Was Ivan IV insane? )
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