Early Medieval Art 375 1066 A D EC

Early Medieval Art 375 -1066 A. D. EC, Byzantine, Early Medieval= 5 -10% of AP Art History Exam

Middle Ages consist of 3 periods 1. Early Medieval (5 th – 11 th centuries) 2. Romanesque (11 th – 12 th centuries) 3. Gothic (mid 12 th – 15 th centuries)

Early Medieval Tribes • • • Germanic Franks Visigoths Ostrogoths Saxons Norse Celts

Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship

Animal-head post from Oseberg ship burial

Durrow Gospels • Each has a carpet page • Each is meant to divide book Ink and tempera on parchment Tonsure hair style

Lindisfarne Gospel

Cross page from Lindisfarne

Chi-Rho page from Book of Kells, 800 A. D.

High Cross of Muiredach

Carolingian Period • • • Learning Renovatio Art Portrait statues 91/2” th (9 c)

Palace Chapel of Charlemagne

Model of Charlemagne's Palace

St. Matthew, from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne

St. Mark, from Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims

Lindau Gospel: St Gall th 9 c

St Gall: St Gallen , Switzerland • • St Gallus founded Benedictine Abbey under an abbot Follow regula sanctus benedictus work and study not meditate Raised the concept of manual labor Scriptorium Monasteries were the schools

St Gall • Plan commissioned by Haito, bishop of Basel • Separate monks from laity • Cloister reserved for monks alone • Module of 2/1 for layout • Basilica with transcept; crossing square

Ottonian Period th (10 c) • Eastern end of Charlemagne’s empire after treaty of Verdun • Otto I crowned emperor of Rome • Held off Viking and Magyar advances • Christian church reorganized after great monastic reform of Ottonians

Architecture • Built basilicas with towering spires and westwork • Best preserved is ST Cyriakus at Gernrode • Transcept, square choir in front of apse • Nave is first to incorporate gallery which seem to serve no function • Alternate support system with piers and columns

St Cyrikias , Gernrode

ST Michael’s Hildesheim • Bishop Bernwald=tutor of Otto III and builder • 1001 -1031 AD • Double transcept, tower groupings and westwork (some Roman basilicas had 2 apses and entrances on the side) • Modular system 3 X 1

St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany

Section plan of St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany • Visited Rome • 11 th c abbey church • 1 X 2 ratio

Hildesheim Doors

• • • 16’ high 8 panels on each side Bronze Each door a single piece Original sin to redemption Early Christianity Old Testament seen as prefiguration of New

Bishop Bernwald • • 7 spiral bands Life of Christ Missing scenes from doors Renovatio imperii Romani

Gero Crucifix, • • • th Cologne(10 Christ 6’ 2” Patron archibishop Gero Oak gilded Reliquary (host in back of head) Halo? Byzantine or early Christian? c)

UTA Codex • Patron was Uta abbess of Niedermunster • Uta brought reforms to convent • Near the end of her life gave the codes to nunnery. It contained illuminated pages with gospel readings in a gold and enamel case

• Uta is superimposed

Anunciation to the Shepherds, 1002 -1014 • Roman? or Byzantine?

Otto III Enthroned Receiving Homage of four parts of the Empire, from Gospel Book of Otto III • 997 -1000 AD

Moses Receiving the Law & Doubting Thomas