Early Industry and Inventions Inventors and Famous Inventions

  • Slides: 23
Download presentation
Early Industry and Inventions

Early Industry and Inventions

Inventors and Famous Inventions

Inventors and Famous Inventions

Industrial Revolution ■ British inventors began to make textiles with machines. ■ A British

Industrial Revolution ■ British inventors began to make textiles with machines. ■ A British textile worker, Samuel Slater, smuggled blue prints to the US and set up a textile factory in Rhode Island in 1790. ■ This was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the U. S. !

Industrial Revolution ■ The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18

Industrial Revolution ■ The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18 th century. ■ An industrial revolution is when hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing. ■ An example is the making of clothes.

Spinning Jenny and Power Loom ■ Before the Industrial Revolution, clothes were made at

Spinning Jenny and Power Loom ■ Before the Industrial Revolution, clothes were made at home. ■ Afterwards, clothes were made by machines in factories. ■ Often these machines were run by children.

Factory System ■ The factory system had many workers under one roof working at

Factory System ■ The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines. ■ Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories. They wanted the money that factories paid. ■ This change was not always for the better.

Factories Come to New England ■ New England was a good place to have

Factories Come to New England ■ New England was a good place to have a factory. ■ Factories needed water power, and New England had many fast-moving rivers.

The Lowell Mills Hire Women ■ In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory

The Lowell Mills Hire Women ■ In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in eastern Massachusetts, near the Concord River. ■ The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth. ■ Hired young ladies. ■ The “Lowell girls” lived in companyowned boardinghouses. ■ The girls worked over 12 hours a day in deafening noise.

The Lowell Girls ■ They came for the good wages: between two and four

The Lowell Girls ■ They came for the good wages: between two and four dollars a week. ■ The girls usually only worked for a few years until they married.

Less Dependency on Europe *As a result, the U. S. no longer had to

Less Dependency on Europe *As a result, the U. S. no longer had to buy finished textile products from Europe! 1845 Lowell factory pamphlet

Interchangeable Parts ■ The first use of interchangeable parts was created by inventor Eli

Interchangeable Parts ■ The first use of interchangeable parts was created by inventor Eli Whitney. ■ Before this time, guns were made one at a time. Each gun was different. ■ Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun. ■ The use of interchangeable parts speeded up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

Factory Workers • Women were paid half as much as men. • Working hours

Factory Workers • Women were paid half as much as men. • Working hours were long, and wages were low. Ex. ) 12 -15 hour work days Earnings: men - $5 per week women - $2 per week children - $1 per week • Cities developed as farmers and immigrants took available factory jobs.

Canals ■ Man made waterways were constructed all over the Northeast for the easy

Canals ■ Man made waterways were constructed all over the Northeast for the easy transportation of people and goods. ■ One canal that was built between the years 1817 -1825 was the Erie Canal.

Steamboat ■ Robert Fulton designed a steam engine for a steamboat that could move

Steamboat ■ Robert Fulton designed a steam engine for a steamboat that could move against the current of a river or against the wind. ■ The steamboat created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers. His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that time.

The Telegraph ■ The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse. ■ This machine sent

The Telegraph ■ The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse. ■ This machine sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire. ■ With the telegraph, it took only seconds to communicate with another city. ■ The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other. M o r s e C o d e

John Deere and the plow ■ In 1836, John Deere invented a lightweight plow

John Deere and the plow ■ In 1836, John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge. ■ Deere’s plow made preparing the ground for planting much less work.

Cyrus Mc. Cormick and the reaper ■ Cyrus Mc. Cormick invented a mechanical reaper

Cyrus Mc. Cormick and the reaper ■ Cyrus Mc. Cormick invented a mechanical reaper ■ This allowed farmers to plant much more seed because they could harvest it easier.

The Threshing Machine ■ The threshing machine separated the kernels of wheat from the

The Threshing Machine ■ The threshing machine separated the kernels of wheat from the husks, which was a far faster way of getting wheat than picking it by hand. ■ The threshing machine increased the growing of wheat.

The cotton gin ■ Inventory Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin. ■ The

The cotton gin ■ Inventory Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin. ■ The cotton gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand. ■ The cotton gin also greatly expanded the need for slaves.

New Technologies help nation grow ■ With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food

New Technologies help nation grow ■ With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. ■ Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. ■ The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton. ■ This led to the expansion of slavery.

Assignment ■ Over the last 200 years, what are the 10 most important inventions?

Assignment ■ Over the last 200 years, what are the 10 most important inventions? Describe why 2 -3 sentences per invention. Identify and explain the change to society. You also need to list the inventor.