EARLY INDUSTRY 7 2 TRANSPORTATION OF THE 1800S

EARLY INDUSTRY 7. 2

TRANSPORTATION OF THE • 1800’S • • • A REVOLUTION IN TRANSPORTATION EARLY 1800’S IN THE NORTHERN STATES ERIE CANAL GREAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES NATIONAL ROAD – MAJOR EAST-WEST HIGHWAY (CUMBERLAND, MA TO WHEELING, VA) “CLERMONT” STEAMBOAT DESIGNED BY ROBERT FULTON (INCREASED RIVER TRAVEL AND CANAL BUILDING) RAILROADS – HELPED SETTLE THE WEST AND EXPAND TRADE AMONG REGIONS, CREATED MARKETS (CHEAP TRANSPORTATION), AND INCREASED DEMAND FOR IRON AND COAL

PRODUCTION • • SLATER LOWELL • • WHITNEY MORSE A NEW SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – BEGAN IN BRITAIN IN 1700’S (BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY) INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – BEGAN IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1800’S (“FREE ENTERPRISE” AND GENERAL INCORPORATION LAWS, NORTHEAST NEAR SWIFT-FLOWING STREAMS TO POWER FACTORIES, ENTREPRENEURS AND MERCHANTS) SAMUEL SLATER – TEXTILE MACHINE FRANCIS C. LOWELL – TEXTILE MILLS (MASS PRODUCTION OF COTTON CLOTH) ELI WHITNEY – INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS IN THE GUN-MAKING INDUSTRY SAMUEL F. B. MORSE – TELEGRAPH/MORSE CODE FOR SENDING MESSAGES (50, 000 MILES OF TELEGRAPH WIRE CROSSED THE U. S. )

THE RISE OF LARGE CITIES CITY OF THE 1800’S • FARMS AND VILLAGES – PEOPLE MOVED TO CITIES FROM THE COUNTRY IN SEARCH OF FACTORY JOBS AND HIGHER WAGES (CITY POPULATION DOUBLED OR TRIPLED) • DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS – GROWING CITIES PROVIDED GROWING INDUSTRY (PUBLISHING INDUSTRY GREW TO SATISFY THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR READING MATERIALS)

LABOR UNIONS WORKERS BEGIN TO ORGANIZE • LABOR UNIONS – IMPROVE WORKING CONDITIONS BUT UNABLE TO SUPPORT STRIKES OR STOPPAGES (1820 – 1830) • FEDERAL EMPLOYEES – LOWERED WORK HOURS TO 10 HOURS AND MADE STRIKES LEGAL (1840 -1842)

FARMS OF THE 1800’S THE FAMILY FARM • AGRICULTURE – COUNTRY’S LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY (1800’S) • FARMING – MORE IMPORTANT IN THE SOUTH THAN IN THE NORTH (NORTH BEGAN TO FOCUS ON MANUFACTURING AND THE SOUTH CONTINUED TO DEPEND ON AGRICULTURE AND SLAVERY)