EARLY ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS First English Settlement in America

EARLY ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS

First English Settlement in America -Roanoke(1584) -In search of a better life -Island off the coast of North Carolina. -Known as the lost colony

-Unable to raise food -Indians of Roanoke would not give them food. -Sent Capt. John White for supplies. -War between English and Spanish delayed return for 3 years. -

After 3 years, they returned, every one and everything was gone, even their houses. The only thing left was the word CROATOAN carved on a gatepost of a ruined fort.

JAMESTOWN (1607) -Was the FIRST (1 st, #1, NUMERO UNO) successful English settlement in America. First permanent colony. - In Virginia -Named in honor of King James. -Hoped to find wealth from Gold. -Never found gold.

Unfortunately settlers built Jamestown on a marsh( low area of wet land that is sometimes unhealthy for people). Water was dirty and salty, land was not good for farming. Mosquitos carried a deadly disease, malaria. Disease killed most of the settlers, 38 out of the original 105 were still alive.

- Captain John Smith captured by Powhatan tribe. - John Smith “saved” by Pocahontas. - Pocahontas brought food to settlers, her tribe taught settlers to hunt , plant crops, and fish. -Smith was elected president of the colony (1608) -Many settlers were “gentlemen” that were use to servants doing their labor. -Smith knew he needed everyone to work to survive

Smith said to everyman “WORK OR DON’T EAT”

1609 -1610 Starving time -Many settlers ate dogs and horses, leather, and shoes. -Hundreds of settlers died, only 60 survived. -Jamestown needed support to stay in America. - JOHN ROLFE- entrepreneur, genius, and rebel.

-John Rolfe- Grew tobacco -England loved New Virginia tobacco -Traded tobacco for money and supplies. - Tobacco was their “GOLD”.

1619 ~Times, they are a changing~ -Ships brought 200 women so settlers could marry and raise families. -They elected representatives. -Made laws for the colony -Group was called “House of Burgesses” -Only wealthy men could be elected in this group -More democratic government than England

PLYMOUTH(1620) - Second( 2 nd , #2, ) English Settlement in North America. - A few years after Jamestown, 102 Englishmen. -These people were looking for religious freedom. - People known as PILGRIMS, (people who go on a religious journey). -

King James= Church of England - People refused -Separatists- Wanted to have separate or different church -In time, separatists became known as pilgrims! - September 1620 - Pilgrims sailed from England on a ship named the MAYFLOWER -2 Months at sea, landed on Cape Cod in what is now Massachusetts

-Pilgrims drew up a plan of government -Help them live together peacefully -THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

-Compact means Agreements -Then they elected a Governor

-In late December, they started building houses and a meeting hall, called the Common house. -First Winter- hard winter, pilgrims planned too late to plant crops. -Climate was cold and harsh, half of 102 pilgrims died before spring. -Only 6 or 7 were strong enough to help care for the others. -

-Native Americans Met with Pilgrims - Showed them how to plant crops in their environment. Showed them how to survive in their environment. - William Bradford was elected Governor ( assigned for 30+ yrs) - In the next years ships brought more and more settlers to Plymouth, in time other groups would join the Pilgrims in the area we now call New England

Summary 3 English settlements, Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth One failed completely, 2 survived, all suffered hardships. Roanoke disappeared, when John white went back to England they were stuck for 3 years because of the war between England Spain. Jamestown (1607) survived only after many difficult times. Settlers often did not have enough food , and became sick from unhealthful surroundings. At times local Native Americans helped them, at other times they fought each other. They came looking for gold, later John Rolfe voyaged to grow Tobacco which was their staple, their Cash crop, their Gold. Established s representative government , The House of Burgesses

Plymouth (1620)- While other settlers came to America looking for riches, the pilgrims were looking for religious freedom. Their settlement survived with the help of Native Americans, They had established The Mayflower Compact.