Earlier Explorations 1 Islam the Spice Trade Malacca
- Slides: 43
Earlier Explorations 1. Islam & the Spice Trade Malacca 2. A New Player Europe Nicolo , Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources. Better seaworthy ships. 3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”
Admiral Zheng He Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide! 1371 -1435
A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492
Motives for European Exploration 1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3. Reformation refugees & missionaries. 4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5. Technological advances. 6. Fame and fortune.
New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan ] Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant
New Maritime Technologies • The Astrolabe is a very ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky.
New Maritime Technologies • Sextant • A device that measures the angle between two objects. Uses two mirrors. • With this sextant, one of the mirrors ( mirror A in the diagram) is halfsilvered, which allows some light to pass through. In navigating, you look at the horizon through this mirror.
New Weapons Technology
Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419 1394 -1460) Portuguese royal prince, soldier Patron of explorers. Henry sent many sailing expeditions down Africa's west coast, but did not go on them himself. Due to his patronage, Portuguese ships sailed to the Madeira Islands (Joao Goncalves Zarco, 1420), rounded Cape Bojador (Eannes, 1434), sailed to Cape Blanc (Nuno Tristao, 1441), sailed around Cap Vert (1455), and went as far as the Gambia River (Cadamosto, 1456) and Cape Palmas (Gomes, 1459 -1460).
Museum of Navigation in Lisbon
Portuguese Maritime Empire 1. Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. 3. Vasco da Gama, 1498. Calcutta. 4. Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).
Zheng He’s Voyages In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!
Christoforo Colon [1451 -1506] AKA Cristopher Columbus
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Other Voyages of Exploration
Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c
• Ferdinand Magellan (1480 -1521) was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the Earth (1519 -1522). Magellan also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean). Magellan was born in Northern Portugal (either in Sabrosa or in Oporto). His parents, Pedro Ruy de Magalhaes and Alda de Mezquita, were members of the nobility (they were wealthy and powerful).
Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”
The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II
The Death of Montezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa
Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
The “Columbian Exchange” v Squash v Avocado v Peppers v Sweet Potatoes v Turkey v Pumpkin v Tobacco v Quinine v Cocoa v Pineapple v Cassava v POTATO v Peanut v TOMATO v Vanilla v MAIZE v Syphilis v Trinkets v Liquor v GUNS v Olive v COFFEE BEAN v Banana v Rice v Onion v Turnip v Honeybee v Barley v Grape v Peach v SUGAR CANE v Oats v Citrus Fruits v Pear v Wheat v HORSE v Cattle v Sheep v Pigs v Smallpo v Flu v Typhus v Measles v Malaria v Diptheria v Whooping Cough x
Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conqu istad ores M Perm a Set nent tler s is si on ar ie s Official European Colony!
Treasures from the Americas!
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Trade 1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. 2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275, 000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. 3. Between 16 c & 19 c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
Slave Ship “Middle Passage”
“Coffin” Position Below Deck
African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!
European Empires in the Americas
The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Mestizos Native Indians Creoles Mulattos Black Slaves
Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World 1. Encomienda or forced labor. 2. Council of the Indies. Viceroy. New Spain and Peru. 3. Papal agreement.
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission Our Lady of Guadalupe
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542
New Colonial Rivals 1. Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. 2. Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. 3. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. Surat in NW India in 1608. 4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
New Colonial Rivals
Impact of European Expansion 1. Native populations ravaged by disease. 2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] 3. New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. 4. Deepened colonial rivalries.
5. New Patterns of World Trade
- Malacca straits
- Spice t
- Chapter 19 an age of explorations and isolation
- Spanish explorations
- Great explorations in math and science
- Exploration in creative reading and writing
- Explorations in creative reading and writing
- Conceptual integrated science explorations
- Nirleka berasal dari perkataan
- Pengertian perundangan islam
- Matlamat perundangan islam tasawwur islam
- Why would smith add on to his earlier story?
- Java swings
- On the eve of world war i, bosnia was ruled by *
- Earlier because
- Geographic isolation
- Ach cpsms
- Past perfectگرامر
- As discussed earlier meaning
- If i to come home earlier
- As i mentioned earlier
- Cpsms
- The trade in the trade-to-gdp ratio
- Triangular trade video
- Trade diversion and trade creation
- Fair trade not free trade
- Umich
- Trade diversion and trade creation
- Trade diversion and trade creation
- Liner vs tramp
- Mật thư tọa độ 5x5
- Tia chieu sa te
- Chụp tư thế worms-breton
- Một số thể thơ truyền thống
- Hệ hô hấp
- Tư thế ngồi viết
- Số nguyên tố là
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- đặc điểm cơ thể của người tối cổ
- Bổ thể
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- ưu thế lai là gì
- Làm thế nào để 102-1=99
- Thẻ vin