Dynastic Rule in China From the Sui to

Dynastic Rule in China From the Sui to the Ming

1. How did this dynasty rise to power? • 589, Yang Jian conquered Chen kingdom and unified China for first time in 400 years • Jian founded Sui Dynasty at Chang’an and became emperor; was later called Wen Di 2. How did the dynasty govern China? • Emperors Wen Di and Yang Di are remembered for harsh rule • Forced many peasants to fight in army or to work on public works projects Sui Dynasty

Sui Dynasty 3. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? • Wen Di, was Bhuddist, but encouraged Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism 4. How did this dynasty affect daily life in China? • Grand Canal promoted trade by connecting the Yellow and • Yagnzi Rivers Rebuilding of Great Wall provided security from northern raiders 5. List two ways this dynasty helped unite China. • Undertook extensive public work projects • Extended military control over large stretches of China

Tang Dynasty “The Golden Age” 1. How did this dynasty rise to power? – 618, Li Shi Min captured Chang’an and Lou Yang – Li Shi Min named himself Emperor Dai Zong in 626 2. How did this dynasty govern China? – Under Wu Zhao, China’s only empress, the Tang ruled one of the largest empires in Chinese history. – Gov. composed of depts. , each with its own area. – Bureaucrats upheld Confucian ideals by acting as artists and politicians

Tang Dynasty 3. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? • Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism flourished • Buddhism was repressed during the reign of Wu Zong 4. How did this dynasty affect daily life in China? • Equal-field system limited power or rural aristocracy • Scholar class became new ruling elite • Land reform gave some peasants a chance to gain wealth 5. List two ways this dynasty helped unite China. • Emperors directly controlled army • Equal-field system to benefit both government and commoners

1. How did this dynasty rise to power? – Tai Zu emerged after 50 yrs. civil war to found Song Dynasty at Kaifeng 2. How did this dynasty govern China? – Mongolians and Manchurians harassed China’s northern borders for 200 years – Song royal family forced by Jurchen to establish a new capital at Hangzhou – Govt. officials came from southern China b/c north was under foreign rule – Bureaucrats selected according to scored on civil-service exams Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty 3. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? • Zen Buddhism became popular in China and East Asia 4. How did this dynasty affect daily life in China? • Power of merchant class rose as large-scale trade grew • Cambodian strain of rice allowed Chinese farmers to double quantity grown • Technological advancements produced new products 5. List two ways this dynasty helped unite China. • Moved center of Chinese culture south to Kaifeng • Used meritocracy to make government efficient and reliable

Yuan Dynasty 1. How did this dynasty rise to power? – – Dynasty founded by Kublai Khan, grandson of powerful, mongol leader Genghis Khan Kublai Khan fought Song for 40 yrs. Before founding China’s only foreign-ruled dynasty 2. How did this dynasty govern China? – – Civil-service system maintained by Turks and Persians Strict hierarchy of social-service classes: 1. ) tax-free mongols 2. ) non-Chinese civil servants, 3. ) northern Chinese, 4. ) Southern Chinese

Yuan Dynasty 3. What belief systems did this dynasty encourage? Discourage? • Kublai Khan retained shamanism • Chinese belief systems largely unaffected by Yuan rule • Number of Buddhist monasteries increased 4. How did this dynasty affect daily life in China? • Bloody wars of conquest led to the destruction of farmland • Kublai Khans maintained China’s roads and canals • Later Yuan emperors let them deteriorate 5. List two ways this dynasty helped unite China. • Retained civil service, but staffed it with foreigners • Allowed Chinese belief systems to coexist with Mongol shamanism

How did this dynasty rise to power? – Chinese took advantage of chaos of late Yuan rule to rebel against Mongols – Rebel leader and founder of Ming Dynasty, Hong Wu, named his dynasty “brilliant” How did this dynasty govern China? -reintroduced the Civil-Service Exam -Emperors extremely powerful , often ruled as despots -brief period of overseas exploration although late Ming emperors prohibited foreign trade Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty Belief System Daily Life -rebirth of adherence to Confucianism -rebuilt bridges, canals, roads, temples, shrines and the walls of 500 cities -secured borders of China to prevent foreign invasion -many Chinese combined belief in Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. -heavy taxation and careless government produced peasant rebellion and civil war -rebuilt bridges, canals, roads, temples, and shrines. Unite China