Ductus arteriosus Botalli A umbilicalis Foramen ovale Ductus
心臟及血液循環 Ductus arteriosus Botalli A. umbilicalis Foramen ovale Ductus venosus Arantii V. umbilicalis
Ductus arteriosus Botalli A. umbilicalis Persistent Foramen ovale ! Ductus venosus Arantii V. umbilicalis
1. Persistent foramen ovale 2. Congential disorders
新生小牛 (Neonatal calf) pouring cold water over the calf’s head or ear
新生仔牛死亡率與出生日齡的關係 出生日齡 0 -10 11 -20 21 -30 31 -40 41 -50 51 -60 死亡率(%) 7. 71 0. 72 0. 19 0. 14 0. 08 0. 03 總計(%) 8. 62 0. 25 *In dairy cattle, 75% of perinatal mortality occurs within on hour of birth. In beef cattle, 69% of calf deaths between birth and weaning occur within 96 hours of birth.
新生小牛 The cornerstones to resuscitation are; establish a patent Airway, initiate Breathing and establish adequate Circulation. Immediately after delivery (first 30 seconds), the calf should be placed in sternal recumbency to maximize ventilation.
新生小牛的窒息 It is difficult to establish respiration because of air leakage and air often travels down the esophagus filling the abomasum further impeding the calf’s ability to breath. Doxapram Hydrochloride can stimulate the respiratory center in the brain.
新生小牛的窒息 placing a blade of grass or straw in the nose to initiate a gasping reflex
Problems? ! 1. swelling of the tongue and head! 2. unable to generate a coordinated suckle response! 1 2
Acidosis的緩衝過程 Na. HCO 3 H-lactate Na-lactate H 2 CO 3 H 2 O Tris buffer 1. R-NH 2 H 2 CO 3 R-NH 3 HCO 3 2. R-NH 2 H-lactate R-NH 3 lactate CO 2
仔牛的下痢(Calf scour or diarrhea)
吮乳仔牛的下痢 E. Coli Rotavirus Coronavirus
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