DTV Video Analog or Digital Audio Analog or

DTV 신호처리 블록도 Video Analog or Digital Audio Analog or Digital Other Similar Channel Program Content Production Data Control Baseband Audio/Video Coder Standard/High Definition Audio Coder System Coder & Multiplexer PES Packetizer Transport Stream MUX Compressed Television Tape Recorder Decoding (error protect) Channel Deformat (optional error protection) Compressed Television Video (Audio, Video) Channel Decoding and error protection Demultiplex Channel Format (optional error protection) P to P Connection: DS-1, E 3, DS-3 SDH/Sonet ATM Virtual channel on shared network RF Demod System Demux and Decoder PES Coding (error protect) Decode A/V/D Other Similar Channel Cable, Satellite Terrestrial QAM, COFDM, VSB, QPSK RF Modulator Channel Coding and error protection Digital Conversion Video To display format Data Control Digital Audio MUX Transport Stream DEMUX Other Similar Channel Digital Storage Media Video D/A Audio D/A Other Similar Channel Analog Video Analog Audio 2

디지털방송 제작 송출 시스템 구성DS-3예 Distibution Amp HD SDI HDTV Encoder ASI(4 OMbps) (1. 485 Gbps) ASI(4 OMbps) HD VCR 서울 Monitoring Network Interface DS-3(44 Mbps) 4 ch AES/EBU HD SDI (1. 485 Gbps) HD Decoder 4 ch AES/EBU 지역국 Monitoring HD SDI (1. 485 Gbps) M/W, 광, 케이블 HD Decoder Network Interface ASI(4 OMbps) DS-3(44 Mbps) 4 ch AES/EBU Microwave PSIP GEN ASI(4 OMbps) DS-3(44 Mbps) HD SDI (1. 485 Gbps) 4 ch AES/EBU 지역국 연주소 PSIP (ASI)HDTV Encoder SMPTE 310 (19. 39 Mbps) AC-3 5. 1 CH 송출 송신소 3

SMPTE 310을 이용한 시스템 구축 예 SMPTE 310 (19. 39 Mbps) Main System HD SDI HD UP Converter PSIP DP 569 Dolby Encoder HD VCR PSIP Generator 8 VSB Modulator ASI T/S Monitoring ASI HD SDI SMPTE 310 (19. 39 Mbps) AC-3 HD SDI Monitor EMER Switch Dolby Decoder Redundancy System M/W Digital STL RF SMPTE 310, ASI HD SDI HD UP Converter HD VCR RF DP 569 Dolby Encoder SMPTE 310 PSIP HD SDI HDTV Demodulator AC-3 Dolby Decoder PSIP Generator HD SDI Monitor RF Monitoring System 4

HD-SDI 신호전송장치 구성 네트워크 인터페이 스 장비를 이용하여 ASI->DS 3로 변환 ASI HD-SDI AES/EBU MPEG-2 ENCODER ASI DS-3 CONVERTER DS-3 O/F중계링크 KT 광단국 DS-3 CONVERTER ASI MPEG-2 DECODER DS-3 HD-SDI AES/EBU M/W DS-3 CONVERTER DOLBY DECODER ASI신호를 HD=SDI변환 SMPTE 310: 19. 39 Mbps Ds-3: 45 Mbps HD DECODER HD-SDI 5. 1 CH AUDIO AES/EBU 5

Data randomizer • Randomizer : 수신기에서 Carrier Recovery, Timing Recovery, Sync Recovery, Equalizer 에서 입력신호가 Random하다고 가정하고 신호처리를 하기 때문에 최악의 경우 '0'의 데이 타만 연속적으로 들어올 경우에도 Random한 신호로 만들어 줌. - Output = (incoming data bits) XOR (Randomizer output bits ), bit by bit

Interleaver & deinterleaver • Interleaver & Deinterleaver 의 역활 : 채널상에서 일 어나는 군집 에러(Burst Error)을 에러 정정 가능한 크기로 에러가 생긴 데이터를 분산시키는 것 • Block Interleaver의 예 (a) without Interleaver/Deinterleaver Channel channel에서의 burst error (b) with Interleaver/Deinterleaver Interleaving 송신기 RS후의 data frame De-interleaving channel에서의 burst error 수신기 RS전의 data frame

SDTV와 HDTV규격비교 항목 SDTV HDTV 해상도 720× 486 1920× 1080 i 1280× 720 p 규격 병렬: SMPTE-125 M 직렬: SMPTE-259 M 병렬: SMPTE-274 M 직렬: SMPTE-292 M 병렬: SMPTE-296 M 직렬: SMPTE-292 M Pixels/Line 858 2200 1650 Active Pixels 720 1920 1280 Line/Frame 525 1125 750 Active lines 486 1080 720 Frame Rate 29. 97 30 60 Pixels Rate (=Fs) 858× 525× 29. 97= 13. 5 Mhz 2200× 1125× 30= 74. 25 Mhz 1650× 750× 60= 74. 25 Mhz Channel/Pixel 2 2 2 bits/Channel 10 10 10 Date rate (=SDI Freq) 13. 5× 2× 10= 270 Mbps 74. 25× 2× 10= 1, 485 Mbps

Convolutional interleaver - 52 data segment (intersegment) convolutional byte interleaver - provided to a depth of about 1/6 of a data field (4 ms deep) - synchronized to the first data byte of the data field - Only data bytes shall be interleaved

Convolutional de-interleaver • Convolutional de-interleaver

Trellis encoder • Trellis Encoder : 4 state feedback encoder n Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) = Convolutional Encoder + Modulation

Standard Definition Digital Horizontal Line XYZ Word Conveys Start/End of Line (H), Vertical Blanking (V), and Field (F) 1712 1713 1714 1715 0 1 2 3 3 FF 000 XYZ Cb Y Cr Y SAV First active picture sample COMPONENT: Active line digitized, EAV/SAV added 3 FF 000 XYZ EAV Last active picture sample

Standard Definition Horizontal Line BLANKING INTERVAL ANALOG LINE 276/288 WORDS for 525/625 DIGITAL ACTIVE LINE (same for 525/625) 1440 WORDS (0 -1439) TOTAL LINE 1716/1728 WORDS for 525/625 E A V 4 words S A V 4 words E A V 4 words

SMPTE 292 HD Digital Horizontal Line 0 1 2 3 3 FF 000 XYZ Cb Y Cr Y SAV First active picture sample COMPONENT: Active line digitized, EAV/SAV added 3 FF 000 XYZ LN 0 LN 1 YCR 0 YCR 1 EAV Last active picture sample XYZ Word Conveys Start/End of Line (H), Vertical Blanking (V), and Field (F)

XYZ mapping

부속 Data 영역 Vertical “Sync” Area Vertical Blanking Vertical Ancillary Data “VANC” Active Video Field Horizontal Ancillary Data “HANC” SAV Start of Active Video EAV End of Active Video

AES/EBU Audio Data Format

Block and Frame Format Right Left Frame 191 Start of Block Frame 0 Frame 1 X Channel 1 Y Channel 2 Z Channel 1 Y Channel 2 X Channel 1 Y Channel - Frame repeat 48 k. Hz : 20. 83 s, 44. 1 k. Hz : 22. 67 s - Block repeat 48 k. Hz : 3999. 36 s=4 ms, 44. 1 k. Hz : 4352. 64 s=4. 352 ms - A Block = 192 Frames - A Frame = 2 Subframes - Preamble X identifies Channel 1 after Frame 0 at Start of Block - Preamble Y identifies Channel 2 - Preamble Z identifies Channel 1 and the Start of Block

AES/EBU Frames & Subframes & Data rate Preamble(4) - 32 Bits/Subframe - 4 Preamble Bits Pre Data(24) - 24 Data Bits - 1 Validity Audio sample - 1 User Validity - 1 Channel status User Data - 1 Parity(Even parity) Channel Status Data Subframe Parity - Data rate 48 k. Hz : 32 bits/10. 415µs or 64 bits/20. 83 µs = 3. 072 Mb/s V U C P

Embedded Audio의 정의 - Subframe : 1 audio sample + preamble + aux bits + P, C, U, V - AES frame : 2 audio samples with other data = 64 bits - Channel Pair : 2 audio channels, 1 AES/EBU source - Audio Group : 4 channels, 2 channel pairs, separate data Ids Group Channels 1 1 -4 2 5 -8 3 9 - 12 4 13 - 16 Composite video : 1 Group Data ID 2 FF 1 FD 1 FB 2 F 9

HD Embedded Audio의 정의 - Audio Group : 4 channels, 2 channel pairs, separate data Ids Group 1 2 3 4 Channels 1 -4 5 -8 9 - 12 13 - 16 Data ID 2 E 7 1 E 6 1 E 5 2 E 4 -Audio data are multiplexed into the space of Cb/Cr parallel data -Audio control packets are multiplexed into the space of Y parallel data

Transport Stream 구조 Program 1 Audio 1 . . . Program 2 Video . . . Program 1 MAP . . . Program 2 Audio 1 Transport Packet witout Header Adaptaion . . . Program 1 Video . . . PAT . . . Program 2 Video . . . Program 2 MAP Payload 188 Bytes 4 Bytes Transport Packet with Adaptaion Header Sync PID Adaptation Field Payload PCR Video PES / Audio PES / Data PES / Table Section (Option) . . . EMM

Up-Conversion Application Audio Delay Local SDTV Program Source SDTV to HDTV Up-Converter AES HD SDI HDTV Master Control Switcher HD SDI HDTV Compression Pre-Processor HD SDI HDTV MPEG-2 Encoder HD SDI HDTV Network Feed 45 Mb/s AES Audio Integrated Receiver/ Decoder HD SDI Digital Tape/Disk Recorder/ Player HD SDI Dolby Stereo Encoder SMPTE 310 M (19. 39 Mb/s) MPEG-2 PES MPEG-2 Transport Stream Muliplexer MPEG-2 PES 8 -VSB Modulator/ Transmitter Integrated Program Decoder Data Service

IEEE-1394(DV 단자)

IEEE-1394 사용형태

XLR

Adapter to convert AES 3 id to AES 3. Input Output Signal AES 3 id AES 3 Type Unbalanced Balanced Connector BNC XLR-3 Impedance 75 Ω 110 Ω Minimum signal required 0. 165 Vp-p 0. 200 Vp-p Circuit Contents • • Circuit 2 See also 3 Contributor 4 Sources 1

AES/EBU