DSM BY RACHEL L S Anxiety Disorder Anxiety

DSM BY RACHEL L. S

Anxiety Disorder Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear.

General Anxiety Disorder Possible Reasons- A family history of anxiety, recent or prolonged exposure to stressful situations, including personal or family illnesses, excessive use of caffeine or tobacco, being the victim of childhood abuse. Symptoms- Difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, irritability, fatigue/exhaustion, muscle tension, repeated stomachaches or diarrhea, sweating palms, shaking, rapid heartbeat, neurological symptoms. Treatments- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Drugs and Medication.

Phobic Disorder Possible Reasons- Exposure to confined spaces, extreme heights, and animal or insect bites can all be sources of phobias. Symptoms- Pounding or racing heart, shortness of breath, rapid speech or inability to speak, dry mouth, upset stomach or nausea, elevated blood pressure, trembling or shaking, chest pain or tightness, choking sensation, dizziness or lightheadedness, profuse sweating, sense of impending doom. Treatments- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Medication.

Panic Disorder Possible causes- Stress or worry Symptoms- Racing heartbeat or palpitations, shortness of breath, feeling like you are choking, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, sweating or chills, shaking or trembling, & changes in mental state. Treatment- Meditation & therapy.

Obsessive compulsive disorder Possible causes- Their brain functions could be different. Symptoms- Compulsive behavior, agitation, compulsive hoarding, hypervigilance, impulsivity, meaningless repetition of own words, repetitive movements, ritualistic behavior, social isolation, or persistent of words or actions. Treatments- Therapy & medications.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Possible causes- Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Symptoms- Flashbacks, in which it feels as if the event is occurring over and over, vivid, intrusive memories of the event, frequent nightmares about the event, mental or physical discomfort when reminded of the event, emotional apathy, lack of interest in daily activities, memory loss of the actual event, inability to express feelings, avoidance of people or situations that are reminders of the event, difficulty concentrating, startling easily and having exaggerated response to startling events, constant feeling of being on guard, Irritability, bouts of anger, difficulty falling or staying asleep, distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame trouble remembering the event, decreased interest in once enjoyable activities, agitation, Excitability, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, a racing or pounding heart, headaches. Treatment- Support Groups.

Somatoform Disorder A group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition.

Conversion Disorder Possible Causes- Internal conflicts that creates extreme psychological stress. Symptoms- Poor coordination or balance, abnormal movements, paralysis or weakness, difficulty speaking or swallowing, retention of urine, loss of touch or pain sense, blindness or other visual symptoms, deafness, seizures, & convulsions. Treatment- Physical or occupational therapy.

Hypochondriasis Possible Causes- Disturbance in perception such that normal sensations are magnified, the belief that an illness may be deserved due to some past real or imagined wrongdoing, having learned apparent benefits of being sick, such as receiving attention. Symptoms- fear of catching a disease, paranoia, or repeatedly going over thoughts, anxiety or panic attack, compulsive behavior, dizziness, or sensation of pins and needles. Treatment- Therapies and medication.

Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders involve problems with memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior and sense of self.

Amnesia Possible causes- Brain damage through injury, or the use of specific drugs. Symptoms- Memory loss, confusion, inability to recognize familiar faces or place, once the person recovers, they typically have no memory of their amnesia episode. Treatment- Cognitive therapy using speech or language therapist.

Fugue Possible causes- War, abuse, accidents, disasters, or extreme violence. Symptoms- Sudden and unplanned travel away from home Inability to recall past events or important information from the person's life, Confusion or loss of memory about his or her identity, possibly assuming a new identity to make up for the loss, Extreme distress and problems with daily functioning. Treatment- Psychotherapy.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Possible causes- Severe and prolonged trauma experienced during childhood, emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Symptoms- impulsivity, self-destructive behavior, or self-harm, anxiety, feeling detached from self, or mood swings, altered consciousness, depression, or flashback, amnesia or blackout. Treatments- Therapies.

Schizophrenia A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions, feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy, delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.

Paranoid Possible causes- Delusional disorder, low self-esteem, medications, paranoid, personality disorder, psychosis, sleep deprivation. Symptoms- Auditory disturbances, unexplained anger, emotional disconnectedness, severe anxiety and agitation, argumentative behavior, violent tendencies. Treatment- Medication & therapy.

Catatonic Possible causes- Brain dysfunction. Symptoms- Involuntary imitation of someone else's movements, repetitive movements, restlessness, slow bodily movement, stiff muscles, slowness in activity, amnesia, deep sadness, limited range of emotions, muteness, staring spells. Treatments- Electric shock therapy.

Disorganized Possible causes- Faulty signaling in the brain. Symptoms- Disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, flat or inappropriate affect, emotional expression, response. Treatment- Medication & therapy.

Mood Disorder A psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood.

Major Depressive Disorder Possible causes- Genes and stress. Symptoms- Anxiety, apathy, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, mood swings, sadness, early awakening, excess sleepiness, insomnia, restless sleep, excessive hunger, fatigue, loss of appetite, restlessness, agitation, excessive crying, irritability, or social isolation, lack of concentration, slowness in activity, or thoughts of suicide, weight gain or weight loss, poor appetite, & repeatedly going over thoughts. Treatments- Therapies.

Bipolar Disorder Possible causes- Hormonal imbalances, abuse, mental stress, a significant loss, or some other traumatic event. Symptoms- Mood swings, sadness, elevated mood, anger, anxiety, apathy, apprehension, euphoria, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, pleasure in activities, irritability, risky behavior, disorganized behavior, aggression, agitation, crying, excess desire for sex, hyperactivity, impulsivity, selfharm, unwanted thoughts, delusion, lack of concentration, racing thoughts, slowness in activity, false belief of superiority, depression, manic episode, agitated depression, paranoia, difficulty falling asleep, excess sleepiness, fatigue, restlessness, weight gain, weight loss, rapid, and frenzied speaking. Treatments- Medication & therapy.

Seasonal Affect Disorder Possible causes- Drops in serotonin. Symptoms- Anxiety, apathy, general discontent, loneliness, loss of interest, mood swings, sadness, excess sleepiness, insomnia, sleep deprivation, appetite changes or fatigue, irritability social isolation, depression, lack of concentration, weight gain. Treatments- Medications & therapies.

Personality Disorder A deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long-term difficulties in personal relationships or in functioning in society.

Anti-Social Personality Disorder Possible Causes- Inherited traits & dysfunctional family life. Symptoms- Antisocial behavior, deceitfulness, hostility, irresponsibility, manipulativeness, risk taking behaviors, aggression, impulsivity, irritability, lack of restraint, anger, boredom, general discontent, physical substance dependence, substance abuse. Treatments- Therapy

Drug Addiction Possible causes- Brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use. Symptoms- Hallucinations, paranoia, dilated pupils, chills, sweating, involuntary shaking, behavior changes, muscle cramping, teeth clenching, reduced inhibitions. Treatments- Medication, support groups, & therapy.