DRYING Dr Ir MEIKA SYAHBANA RUSLI MSc 1
DRYING Dr. Ir. MEIKA SYAHBANA RUSLI, MSc 1
n Pengeringan : Merupakan proses penurunan kandungan air suatu bahan sampai kadar yang diinginkan melalui operasi pindah panas dan pindah massa yang terjadi secara simultan n Macam-macam proses pengeringan A. Berdasarkan suhu dan tekanan dalam ruang pengering 1. Pengeringan atmosfir 2. Pengeringan vakum 3. Pengeringan beku B. Berdasarkan mekanisme pindah panas 1. Pengeringan konvektif 2. Pengeringan konduksi 3. Pengeringan infra merah 4. Pengeringan gelombang mikro 2
Klasifikasi mesin pengering A. Berdasarkan jenis bahan yang dikeringkan n n Pengering Bahan Padat dan Pasta n Pengering rak n Pengering konveyor n Pengering rotary n Pengering flash n Pengering Fluidezed Bed Pengering Bahan Cair n Spray Dryer n Drum Dryer 3
B. Berdasarkan metode operasi Mesin pengering Batch Konduksi Vakum Tray Kontinyu Konveksi Konduksi Vakum Atmos Agitated Tray Fluid bed Band Konveksi Atmos Drum Indirect rotary Trhough circul Spray Fluid bed Trhough circul Band Tray Pneumatic Direct rotary 4
PENGERING BAHAN PADAT DAN PASTA 5
TRAY DRYER A tray or Compartment Dryer is an enclosed insulated chamber in which trays are placed on top of each other in trolleys. The material to be dried either wet or solids are placed in the trays. Heat transfer is by circulation of hot air by electric heaters or steam in radiator coils. Blower fans are installed inside to ensure proper circulation and transfer of heat. A control panel to control the temperature and other parameteres is fixed outside the dryer. These dryers are available in Mild Steel, Stainless Steel or Al construction. Used for Drying of Pigments, Food, Bakery, Electrodes, Chemical and Plastic Powders. 6
TRAY DRYER…. . Spesifikasi NO. OF TRAYS OVERALL DIA IN INCH HP NO. OF HEATERS. NO & DIA OF BLOWERS. TROLLEY 12 24 48 96 192 54 x 20 x 38 54 x 36 x 38 80 x 40 x 76 124 x 72 x 76 . 25 0. 5 1 1/2 NOS. 2/2 NOS 3 6 9/12 18/24 36/48 1/25" 2/12" 1/28" 2/28" 4/28" N. A 1 NO. 2 NO. 4 NO. 7
ATMOSPHERIC TRAY TYPE DRYER 8
Capacity: 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192 trays 9
n All stainless steel 304 / 316 L CGMP construction for pharmaceutical applications or external mild steel with stainless steel interiors with rounded corners or full mild steel construction n Blower fans are axial flow type with variable pitch blades to adjust air flow to suit product being dried n Electric / steam / thermic fluid / diesel oil / LPG heating n Tunnel type dryers wherein trolleys are placed one behind the other and double door loading n Flame - proof construction with explosion flaps, non-sparking metal combinations, earthing chain etc. n Positive exhausts wherever required n Continuously wound and crimped fins for the heat exchangers in case of steam / thermic fluid heated models. Steam / thermic fluid heat exchangers tested at 20 Kg / cm² hydraulically n n Electric heater terminals situated outside the hot zone in case of electrically heated dryers. Heaters are accessible and replaceable from outside the dryer 10
Technical Specifications MODEL GD 6 GD 12 GD 24 GD 48 6 12 24 48 96 192 MOTOR HP 0. 5 1 1 2 4 NO OF TROLLIES NIL NIL / 1 1 2 4 100° C 1. 5 3. 0 6. 0 9. 0 18 36 150° C 3. 0 4. 5 7. 5 12 21 39 200° C 4. 5 6 9 15 24 42 250° C 6 7. 5 10. 5 18 27 45 300° C 7. 5 9 12 21 30 48 CAPACITY IN TRAYS size 16" X 32" X 1. 25"(h) Heating Load KW GD 96 GD 192 11
BAND DRIERS Casburt Band Driers are designed for both food and chemical production. The drier has a continuous conveyor that transports product through the drying process. It is designed to be exceptionally versatile with flexible feeding and discharging arrangements depending on product treatment, site and attendant equipment. The drier is manufactured to a high standard to meet with your exact requirements. 12
BAND DRIERS…. . 13
BAND DRIERS…. . § Air recalculation fans are used to maximise thermal efficiency § The drier can be fabricated from mild, galvanised or stainless steel § The conveying surface can be manufactured from galvanised steel, all grades of stainless steel, tensioned porous fabric or woven wire § All control systems are designed to suit your specific process § The design supports a variety of heating mediums, gas, LPG/Propane, steam, electric and hot water, to provide the greatest possible flexibility for your installation § The product is fed from oscillating conveyors or apron feeders 14
BAND DRIERS…. . Control Systems Control instrumentation and oven operational features can be arranged to your specifications or our own well engineered standard systems. The methodology can be as simple or complex as your application demands. Computerised electronic and pneumatic control systems are utilised providing options including: • Temperature control • Temperature recording • Over temperature protection • Cooling cycles • Band washing 15
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CONVEYOR DRYER 18
Features n n n n Designed to dry a range of package and product types PLC control with fault diagnostics Highest quality finished product at optimum rates of production Flexible, precise and efficient at low rates of energy consumption Meets CE and current emission regulations througout the world Reduction of energy consumption Auto-control system avoids operator error No steam requirements No dye migration Pollution free Rapid pay-back Immediate heat - no warm-up time No contamination 19
Technical Specification SO 100 T Perfomance Specification SO 100 T Technical Specification Moisture Production Per Hour RF Power 100 k. W Polyester 14%-2% 699 kgs Frequency 27. 12 MHz Acrylic 15%-2% 658 kgs Rame/Cotton 29%-12% 535 kgs Oscillator Conversion 67 -72% Efficiency Poly/Cotton 25%-4% 488 kgs Switchgear Klockner-Moeller Wool/Acrylic 33%-11% 446 kgs Unit Cooling Water Poly/Cotton 35%-4% 376 kgs Electrical Supply Wool 42%-17% 399 kgs 360 -600 V ± 5% 50/60 Hz 3 Phase Acrylic/Cotton 35%-3% 352 kgs Overall length single 12875 Angora 45%-14% 335 kgs Overall height 3440 Cotton 52%-8% 276 kgs Overall width 2030 Silk 55%-8% 264 kgs Max electrical mains supply 230 KVA Rayon 75%-11% 199 kgs Product 20
AEROGLIDE CONVEYOR DRIERS 21
AEROGLIDE CONVEYOR DRIERS…. . n Aeroglide's In-Line Airflow Conveyor Driers represent our most cost-effective systems. Air is circulated through the product without the requirement for side plenums. This approach minimizes drier components and plant floor space. 22
AEROGLIDE SINGLE-PASS CONVEYOR DRIER 23
AEROGLIDE SINGLE-PASS CONVEYOR DRIER… n Aeroglide Conveyor Driers incorporate optimum process efficiency with rugged, durable design. This single-pass, dual plenum system, used in the cereal industry, has been developed with sanitation as a primary operating concern. It offers the capability to operate with up or down airflow in each drying zone. 24
Aeroglide Multi-Pass Conveyor Drier 25
Aeroglide Multi-Pass Conveyor Drier…. n The ultimate in minimizing plant floor space is the Aeroglide multi-pass drier. This unit has multiple turnovers, providing sufficient agitation to improve drying consistency and minimize clumping. The multi-pass drier is the ultimate drier for efficiency, durability, dependability and sanitation. 26
Conveyor Belt Dryer • Sized to accommodate smaller capacities. • Airflow up and/or down through the product. • Single belt minimizes transfers for fragile products. 27
ROTARY DRYER Rotary Louvre Dryer 28
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n Operating Principle n Special Features of Rotary Louvre Dryer Hot air at desired temprature and flow rate is made to flow through the tumbling bed of wet feed. The wet material gets progressively dried to the final level of desired moisture and exits at the discharge end. The humid air carrying moisture transferred from the drying material is exhausted via a dust separator. n n n n Can handle both, surface and bound moisture in the drying solids Very gentle handling of drying solids avoiding attrition. Excellent mixing action ensures uniform drying of all the particles. High thermal efficiency Continuous operation Compact installation Minimum electrical power 30
n Typical Applications » » » » » Inorganic Salts Boric Acid Sugar Common Salt Agricultural Products Calcium Citrate Carbon Black Sand Magnesium Sulphate (Crystal) » » » » Resis Salt Beads Saggo Polymeric Beads Zinc Sulphate Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride Magnesium Sulphate Calcium Chloride Flakes 31
AEROGLIDE ROTARY DRIER 32
AEROGLIDE ROTARY DRIER…. § Aeroglide Rotary Drier, single-pass, complete as shown. Drier and accessories are assembled with or without skid mounting and tested to minimize installation expenses. System designed for drying products or byproducts containing excess moisture. Rotary driers can also be provided in a three-pass configuration to maximize process air exposure while using the minimum amount of plant floor space. 33
F L A S H D R Y E R 34
Designed to produce fine granular or powdered material. the Drytec Flash Dryer uses a stream of turbulent hot air to dry material in a continuous cycle, evaporating water from the particulates. Dispersed in the air these particles have a large surface area enabling extremely high rates of heat and mass transfer to be achieved. Rapid evaporation during the process cools the air to minimise damage to sensitive materials. Drytec Ring and Flash Dryers are ideal for drying filter cakes, fibrous materials, sludges and particulates. 35
FLUIDEZED BED DRYER n OPEN SYSTEM n CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM 36
Open system Featuring atmospheric air in a once-through system where water is to be removed. Normally a push-pull system is used to balance the pressure to be slightly negative in the free board of the fluid bed. Depending upon the product and available heat source, direct or indirect heating may be applied. The exhaust air is cleaned by e. g. bag filter, cyclone with or without wet scrubber. In cases where products pose a dust explosion risk, open cycle systems feature pressure shock resistant components or alternatively semi-closed cycle, self-inertizing layouts can be considered. 37
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Closed cycle system Featuring drying in an inert gas atmosphere (usually nitrogen) recycling within the system. It must be used for drying feedstocks containing organic volatiles or where the product must not contact oxygen during drying. Closed cycle systems are gastight, and addition of inert gas is controlled by monitoring the oxygen content of the drying gas and the system pressure, which is kept positive. The evaporated volatiles are recovered in a condenser. 39
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Continuous Fluid Bed Driers 41
CONTINUOUS FLUID BED DRYER WORK SCHEME 42
Fluidized Bed Dryer 43
Fluid Bed Dryer is designed for rapid and uniform drying of crystals, powders and medium size pellets. A fan draws fresh air and passes the air through a filter and is heated to produce warm air either by electric heaters or by steam. The hot air passes through the product container having diffuser plates and sieve. Due to the air stream the wet product gets fluidised. The material gets surrounded by hot air which gets dried due to heat transfer. Moist air passes thorough a filter bag and exhaust dust 44
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. MOTOR IMPELLER AIR OUTLET TOP-DISH-END PRESSURE RELIEF PANEL FILTER BAG-CHAMBER INLET AIR CONTROL AIR INLET EXPANSION CHAMBER PRODUCT CONTAINER AIR HEATER JACK TROLLEY JACK CHAMBER DEVICE JACK CHAMBER 45
Fluid Bed Dryer § All stainless steel CGMP models and basic models with only product contact parts and air path in stainless steel § Optional single piece retarding chamber and finger bag chamber with imported inflatable seals § Optional hinged swing type retarding chambers § Bucket type bottom chamber above ground level § Spray granulation § Pneumatic lifting & locking for product container with retarding chamber 46
§ Heating by electricity (upto 120 KG models only), steam / thermic fluid OR diesel oil / LPG gas fired hot air heating systems with stainless steel heat exchangers § Fully automatic bag shaking § Intrinsically safe earthing arrangement § Inlet-air filtration system with 0. 3 micron hepa filters § Rear chamber with heating coils and air inlet filter modules to be mounted in remote areas § Fan motor unit to be mounted in remote areas § Stainless steel interconnecting duct lines with flanges for connecting remote mounted heating and fan motor modules § Noise level below 90 DB with specially designed silencer § Microprocessor based control panels with time v / s temperature controls, batch programming, batch data printout 47
SPECIFICATION MODEL DRYING CAPACITY PER BATCH PRODUCT CONTAINER VOLUME (LTRS) MOTOR (HP / KW) HEATING LOAD (KW) 10 30 60 10 / 15 30 / 40 60 / 75 30 100 2 / 1. 5 5 / 3. 7 10 / 7. 5 9 18 30 120 200 300 400 500 120 / 150 200 / 250 300 / 350 400 / 450 500 / 550 440 670 1000 1330 1660 25 / 18. 5 30 / 22. 5 40 / 30 15 / 11 20 / 15 60 48
PREECIKOL FLUID BED DRYER OPERATION: Due to induced draft created by specially designed heavy duly fan the atmospheric air is drawn through the 5 micron air filter. The filtered air is then heated to the required temperature by electric heaters / stream radiator. The hot air passes through the product container and the product gets dried by air fluidisation and the air circulation is controlled by damper. The filter bag prevents fine particles from carrying over to exhaust air stream. 49
SALIENT FEATURES Better productivity and lesser drying time. Less handling, more hygienic. Uniform drying at low temperature. Pneumatic sealing for higher capacity models. Static grounders to eliminate electro-static charge. Product container with tilting arrangement. Flame proof models also available. Models available from 2 Kg. to 300 Kg. 50
DESCRIPTION The "PRECIKOT" Fluid Bed Dryer with latest improvement in design make this unit a truly versatile one for pharmaceutical, food, dyestuff, chemical and polymer industries. All contact parts are made out of S. S. 304/316 and is provided with isolated control panel. APPLICATIONS Pharmaceuticals. Chemicals. Food Products 51
OPTIONAL: • Digital temperature controller cum indicator for steam operated dryer. • Pneumatic bag shaking device. • Intrinsically safe earthing system. • Bottom & rear chambers made out of S. S. 304 quality. • Flame proof motor with push button station. • GMP / S. S. model. SELECTION: Selection of capacity of Fluid Bed Dryer depends upon bulk density, drying temperature and moisture contents of wet material to be dried. In case of 120 kg. model a batch of 145 kg. wet material can be loaded provided the bulk density of the material is 0. 6 kg. / lit. (approx. ). 52
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: MODEL: FBD (kg. ) 10 30 60 120 150 200 250 300 Capacity of S. S. Containers (liter) 35 100 215 415 500 650 780 950 Motor (H. P. ) 1. 5 5 10 15 20 20 25 30 Heating Capacity (K. W) 6 18 36 *54 * * Heating Capacity (kcal/hr) 3650 11200 21600 75000 52100 74000 77500 91500 Steam Consumption (kg/hr at 3 kg. cm 2) 14 25 50 100 150 175 200 250 Pressure 1550 2200 2650 3000 3200 3400 3500 3600 Widthmm 750 1025 1200 1550 1700 1850 1900 1950 Lengthmm 650 1400 1600 1900 2000 2150 2250 2350 Approx. Dimension Heightmm *Electrical Heating is not advisable. 53
S. S FLUID BED DRIER Suitable for drying granules & crystals. 54
SPECIFICATION FBD : Only For Dryer FBDG: Spray Granulator/Dryer JM-FBD: Explosion Proof Type Model JM-FBD -100 JM-FBD -200 JM-FBD -300 JM-FBD -500 Working Capacity B. D. 0. 5 g/c. c. Kgs 90 -110 170 -200 250 -300 440 -500 Volume of Container L 335 650 970 1600 Fan Motor Kw 15 22 30 37 Air Flow CMM 75 100 130 160 Heating Flow Kcal/ Hr 95, 000 Steam Consumption Kg/Hr 180 300 390 451 Spray Gun Pcs 2 3 3 3 Binder Solution Tank L 60 120 180 300 Measurement (L * W * H) Cm 260 x 140 x 330 150, 000 350 x 180 x 460 205, 000 1. 370 x 205 x 480 230, 400 1. 390 x 240 x 510 55
PENGERINGAN BAHAN CAIR 56
Spray Dryer n Principle Spray Dryer is a machine that can get powder shape dried stuff in once time from solution, emulsion, suspension and etc. The air is heated by the burner then it enters into the hot-air distributor evenly on the top of drying chamber, then into the chamber accompanying with helical rotating. At the same time, the material liquid passes through the rotary pan or pressure nozzle to mist spray on the top of chamber. The material will be become the finished products in a very short time because the spray drops to be contacted heat windy and then vapor fast. Using this drying method can leave out more processes than others, such as concentration, filtration, grinding, and etc. so to simplify the operating process and lower equipment expens 57
n Characteristic Short drying period Strength evaporator power Particle size is adjustable and even Continuously working Simply operating Low maintenance charges 58
Purpose n n n Food Industry Milk powder, starch, glucose, soybean protein, soy sauce, coffee, banana, chlorophyll, amino acid, edible pigment, perfume, plant protein, egg, drink, carbohydrate, tomato powder, garlic powder, onion powder, ginger powder, mandarin orange powder and etc. Chemical Industry Synthetic detergent, neutral detergent, nitric acid plastic, resin dyestuff, pigment, ceramic material, collected product from ore, normal inorganic and organic chemical products, agricultural chemical, fertilizer, carbonic acid, sodium carbonate, aluminum polychloride, polyferric sulfate, water-decreasing agent FDN, sodium humate, white carbon calcium carbonate light, active calcium carbonate, biocide and etc. Medical Industrial Enzyme, antibiotic, serum, vaccine blood plasma, stustitute of blood plasma, yeast, vitamin medical glue, penicillin, traditional Chinese medicine and etc. 59
S P R A Y D R Y E R 60
Rotary atomizer spray wheels Drytec Size 1 Spray Machine Air Operated Atomizer for use in Compact Lab Spray Dryer 61
DRUM DRYER 62
DRUM DRYER n Operating Principle This drum dryer is basically a conduction dryer. Wet feed film (in liquid or paste form) is applied to the rotating metal cylinder inside which, a heating medium is supplied. Material film dries to the final moisture level and is scraped off. 63
n Special Features of Drum Dryer Suitable for handling liquid or pasty feeds. Product is powdery, flaky form Uniform drying due to uniform application of film. Medium range capacities. Very High thermal efficiency Continuous operation Compact installation Closed construction is possible 64
n Typical Applications » » » » » Calcium Carbonate Sodium Benzoate Brewer's Yeast Calcium Chloride Potasium Phenyl Acetate Polyacrylamide Gel Sodium Acetate Dye Intermediate Sulphur Black » » » » » Calcium Lactate Resis Salt Animal Glue Barium Sulphate Soya Residue (Okara) Sodium sulphate Acid Voilet Pregel Starch Distiller's Yeast Di-Potassium Phosphate 65
GMF-Gouda drum dryer 66
q GMF-Gouda drum dryer…. . The drum body of the drum dryer is heated on the inside by steam. A special composition of cast iron gives the drum a combination of favourable properties: very accurate shape retention even at high steam pressure and temperature, and excellent "scraping properties", which are utilised by the scraping knife. q Steam heating gives a uniform temperature distribution over the drum surface and this results in consistent product quality. The steam condenses on the inside of the drying drum. The condensate is continuously removed from the drum, so that the largest possible surface area remains available on the inside of the drum for condensation of the steam. The steam system is a closed system, which means that the product cannot come into contact with the steam or condensate. 67
GMF-Gouda drum dryer…. . 68
SINGLE DRUM DRYER WITH APPLICATOR ROLLS Feed Product 69
DOUBLE DRUM DRYER WITH FEED ROLLS Feed Product 70
TWIN CYLINDER DRYER WITH NIP FEED Feed Product 71
SINGLE DRUM DRYER WITH APPLICATOR ROLL Product Feed 72
DIP FEED DRUM DRYER Product Feed 73
SINGLE 'FINE FILM' DRUM DRYER Feed Product 74
TERIMA KASIH 75
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