Drug Unit Alcohol and Tobacco Tobacco Cigarette smoking
Drug Unit Alcohol and Tobacco
Tobacco Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death n Smoking kills more Americans than all other causes combined (alcohol, car accidents, suicide, aids, homicides, illicit drugs, fires). n
Tobacco What is addiction? - A physiological or psychological dependance on a substance or activity n
Tobacco- What’s in a cigarette Nicotine- the additive drug in cigarettes. n Tar- thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns n Carbon Monoxide- colorless, odorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood n Carcinogens- cancer-causing substances n
Tobacco- What’s in a cigarette?
Tobacco Other forms of Tobacco n Smokeless Tobacco- Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed n Pipes or cigars n Specialty cigarettes *Other forms of tobacco are not the safe alternative to cigarettes. Cigar smokers are 34% more likely to die from some form of cancer than nonsmokers, and 3 -4 times more likely to die of cancer of the throat, mouth, or larynx. *
Tobacco Effects on the body Brainn Clogging and narrowing of the arteries which leads to high blood pressure and may lead to a stroke. Heart/Circulatory Systemsn Heart works harder, increases pulse n Constricts blood vessels, which decrease circulation to limbs n Hardening of the arteries which increases risk of heart attack
Tobacco Effects on the body cont. Respiratory System/Lungsn Chronic Bronchitis- bronchi are irritated, and cilia become useless and tar builds up. Chronic cough and excessive mucus secretion n Emphysema- destruction of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) where O 2 and CO 2 are absorbed. More breaths are required, and it takes more energy just to breathe n Lung cancer- leading cause of cancer deaths among males, and is increasing in females. Cancer cells grow due to deteriorating conditions in the lungs.
Tobacco Smokeless tobacco effects on the body n Luekoplakia- thickened white leatherappearing spots on the inside of the mouth, can develop into cancer of the mouth.
Tobacco Passive Smokers -Mainstream Smoke: smoke that a smoker blows off -Sidestream Smoke- smoke from the burning tobacco n Pregnancy and Smoking -decreased birth weight, increase in miscarriage, developmental problems in childhood, intellectual development hindered. n
ALCOHOL What is alcohol -A depressant that slows down your nervous system. n
ALCOHOL n n The type of alcohol that is found in alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Ethanol can be produced synthetically or naturally. Fermentation is the natural chemical action of sugars and yeasts that produces ethanol. Intoxication is the physical and mental impairment resulting from the use of alcohol. Tolerance- Need more of the drug in order to produce the same effects.
ALCOHOL Myths and Facts n n Beer and wine are safer than “hard” liquor Someone who doesn’t “seem” drunk isn’t drunk Using alcohol on weekends or once in a while is harmless Coffee and showers help sober people up n n 12 oz beer, 4 oz wine, and 1 oz shot = same Some can drink a lot without showing signs of being drunk Anytime alcohol is being used it can be a harmful situation Only time can “sober” someone up
ALCOHOL n n n Half of all teen who die each year die as a direct result of alcohol or other drug use, usually happen in accidents. (10 die each day) Alcohol is a factor in many unplanned pregnancies as well as STD’s, rapes, suicides and homicides. Nearly 5 million problem drinkers in this country are between the ages of 14 and 17.
ALCOHOL Why do teens drink? -escape pressures -feel better -relax -friends are doing it -more self-confident -rebel -to fit in n
ALCOHOL Long Term Effects on the body: Brain: damage or decrease in brain size. Even moderate drinking can lead to brain cell destruction. Liver: Fatty liver can develop from fats that build up in the liver and can’t be broken down. Cirrhosis is a condition in which liver tissue is destroyed and then replaced with useless scar tissue. No blood flow to the scarred area, work of liver is greatly reduced. Hepatitis is an inflammation or infection of the liver which can cause weakness, fever and sometimes death. n
ALCOHOL n n n Blood Alcohol Concentration- Amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage. . 08 is NYS legal limit for 21 years and older Zero tolerance for under the age of 21
ALCOHOL n Pregnancy and Alcohol Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- a condition in which a fetus has been adversely affected mentally and physically by its mother’s heavy alcohol use during pregnancy. Alcohol moves into the pregnant mothers blood and across the placenta and through the umbilical cord. Any effects felt by the mother during drinking is felt by the unborn child. Alcohol remains in a baby’s body much longer.
ALCOHOL n BINGE DRINKING- periodic excessive drinking, which may lead to… n ALCOHOLISM- a physical and psychological dependence on the drug ethanol. It is a disease.
ALCOHOL n Stages of Alcoholism: -Stage 1: Social drinking, often to relax or relieve stress or depression. Short term memory loss, and black outs. Tries to rationalize their drinking. -Stage 2: Physically dependant on the drug, along with an increase in tolerance. May start to drink everyday. Physical and mental problems may become evident. Defensive behavior becomes evident, and drinking becomes the center of this persons life. -Stage 3: Final and worst stage of this disease. The problem is uncontrolled, and alcohol becomes a constant companion. Decreased or reversed tolerance. If the alcoholic stops drinking withdrawal symptoms would occur.
ALCOHOL Treatment for the alcoholic and their families n Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)- For the alcoholic (meetings, and sponsors) n Alanon- For the alcoholic and their family n Alateen- For a teenager who is affected by alcoholism, along with their family n
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