DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM Employee Initial Training

DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAM - Employee Initial Training -

Training Checklist Who are subject to Drug and Alcohol Testing What type of testing is required What is required under 14 CFR--PART 120 What are your Company’s Drug & Alcohol Program Policies

Who are subject to Drug and Alcohol Testing Requirements in accordance with 14 CFR--PART 120? Personnel who performs any of the safety-sensitive functions listed below are defined as “safety-sensitive” or “covered” employees and are subject to the drug and alcohol testing requirements set forth in 14 CFR--PART 120 Flight crewmember duties Flight attendant duties. Flight instruction duties. Aircraft dispatcher duties. Aircraft maintenance or preventive maintenance duties. Ground security coordinator duties. Aviation screening duties. Air traffic control duties.

Type of Testing Required in accordance with 14 CFR--PART 120 Pre-employment drug and alcohol testing * Random drug and alcohol testing Post-accident drug and alcohol testing Reasonable cause drug testing Reasonable suspicion alcohol testing Return to duty drug and alcohol testing Follow-up drug and alcohol testing. *Pre-employment alcohol testing. As an employer, you may, but are not required to, conduct pre-employment alcohol testing under this subpart.

14 CFR--PART 120 In accordance with 14 CFR--PART 120, the employer shall display and distribute informational material, community service hot-line for employee assistance, and company’s policy regarding drug use and alcohol misuse in the workplace. This includes the requirement of providing initial training for all covered employees and recurrent training for supervisors.

Training Program Required Elements What are the drugs you are tested for and what are its effects and consequences on personal health, safety and work environment. What are the manifestations and behavioral cues that may indicate drug and or alcohol misuse? What additional resources am I provided to supplement my training?

Signs, Symptoms, and Dangers of Substance Abuse The 5 Drugs that you are tested for are: Marijuana Cocaine Opiates Amphetamines PCP

Marijuana The plant is called Cannabis Sativa and its leaves, stems and flowering tops are used in this drug. The active ingredient in the marijuana (THC) is stored in body fat and is retained for days to weeks after use. Immediate Personal Effects: Reddened eyes Increased heart rate Dry mouth and throat Chronic & Long Term Effects: Reduction in efficiency of the respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive and immunological systems Impaired short-term memory Altered sense of time Slowed reaction time Reduced ability to concentrate Psychological dependence Impaired motor skills Addiction

Marijuana Effects on Motor Skills: A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using marijuana is likely to experience Impaired reaction time: Reaction time is increased, and action time is slowed. Thinking and reflexes are slowed, making it difficult to respond to sudden, unexpected events. Impaired short term memory: The learning process is slowed. Remembering a sequence of numbers or memorizing and following a series of directions becomes difficult. Reduced concentration: Inability to display continuous attention or process complex information occurs. There is difficulty with complex decisions. Impaired tracking: The act of following a moving stimulus is significantly and consistently diminished. Tracking can be affected up to ten hours after use. Distorted time and distance sense: The ability to perceive accurately the passage of time is adversely affected. The user typically overestimates the time that has elapsed.

Marijuana Effects on Motor Skills: Lengthened glare recovery and blurred/double vision. Distorted visual and depth perception. Confusion is created about the traffic movement and appropriate driver response. Symptoms: Rapid loud talking. Excessive laughter or inappropriate happiness Forgetfulness in a conversation Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils unlikely to be dilated Appearance of intoxication, but has no smell of alcohol Appearance of sleepiness or lethargy in the latter stages Distorted sense of time passage, tendency to overestimate time intervals Tendency to drive vehicles slowly, below speed limit Increase in appetite especially after smoking marijuana Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath Presence of roach clips (e. g. paperclips, bobby pins, hemostats or tweezers) and bongs or water pipes

Opiates are a class of drugs such as raw opium, heroin, morphine and codeine. They are also referred to as narcotics and are medically used to relieve pain Chronic & Long Term Effects: Immediate Personal Effects: Relaxation and induced sleep Restlessness, nausea and vomiting Reduction of pain Breathing slows down, and death may occur Decrease in size of pupils Cold, moist and bluish skin User may go “on the nod” going back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy Loss of appetite Addiction even with occasional use. Infection of heart lining and valves, skin abscesses, and congested lungs Infections from unsterile solutions, illness such as liver disease, tetanus, serum hepatitis and AIDS from use of needles

Opiates Effects on Motor Skills: A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using opiates is likely to experience Effects of Intoxication. These effects are similar to those produced by alcohol abuse. False sense of security. This state of mind will cause the user to take more chances and risks. Euphoric high followed by a period of lethargy. The user daydreams while in this state of mind. Attention is not given to the piloting conditions and situations. This subsequently creates the probability of a collision. Difficulty in focusing. The pupils are so constricted (pinpoint size) that vision is impaired. Visual distortion. Blurred and/or doubled vision occurs as it does with any depressant drug. Loss of consciousness. This is due to extreme fatigue and drowsiness. Coma. This creates an obvious safety risk.

Opiates Symptoms: Pinpoint pupils that fail to respond to light Respiratory depression Drowsiness Nausea and vomiting Apathy and decreased physical activity Changes in state of mind, going back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy. Coma or death

Cocaine and Crack Cocaine is used as a topical pain killer for nasal surgery. It is extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca plant. Cocaine and crack are highly psychologically and chemically addictive. It is the most powerful central nervous system stimulant known to mankind. Immediate Personal Effects: Chronic & Long Term Effects: Euphoria Short attention span Dilated pupils Irritability, anxiety and depression Increase in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature Seizure and heart attack Loss of appetite and sleeplessness Psychological problems and dependence Hallucinations of touch, sight, taste, and/or smell

Cocaine and Crack Effects on Motor Skills: A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using cocaine is likely to experience Lapses in attention and concentration. Awareness is adversely affected regardless of the amount used. Aggressive behavior. The result manifestations are anger and hostility toward coworkers as well as impatience and inappropriate risk-taking. The user often overreacts to minor irritations. Tendency to overreact & overcompensate. Acceleration, braking, etc. are affected by over-stimulated reflexes. Impaired motor coordination. A decrease in hand-steadiness and eye/hand coordination affects proper response. Periods of loss of consciousness. This is the result of fatigue due to lack of sleep and food. Impaired judgment.

Cocaine and Crack Effects on Motor Skills: False sense of alertness and security. User become overly confident in judgment and skill. This affects their ability to perceive impending danger. Convulsions, seizures, cardiac arrest and/or stroke. Distorted vision and difficulty in seeing. The pupils are so dilated that sunlight or bright head lights cause pain and discomfort. Glare recovery is also affected. Auditory and visual hallucinations as well as cocaine psychosis. Changes in perception are experienced. The user is out touch with reality and loses sight of she or he is going. Profound depression, anxiety, irritability, and restlessness. Cocaine is fast-acting drug. The euphoria ends in less than an hour. The user is more depressed after using cocaine than before use. The higher the “high” the lower the “low”.

Cocaine and Crack Symptoms: Dilated pupils Runny nose; reddened and sore nose, cold or chronic sinus/nasal problems, nosebleeds Respiratory problems Unexplained bursts of energy Restlessness or nervousness Repetitive and non-purposeful behavior Irritability and anxiety Long periods without sleeping or eating, likely to be emaciated White powder in container and/or around nose Use or possession of paraphernalia including spoons, razor blades, mirrors, little bottles of white powder, and straws

Amphetamines are manufactured legally and Chronic & Long Term Effects: are prescribed for medical conditions. They Sweating, headache, blurred vision, are also heavily controlled substances. They and dizziness are central nervous system stimulants used to Decreased appetite increase alertness and physical activity. In pure form, they are yellowish crystals that are Sleeplessness and anxiety manufactured into tablets or capsules. The Rapid or irregular heartbeat three amphetamines include: Amphetamine, Tremors Dextroamphetamine, and Methamphetamine. Immediate Personal Effects: Increased heart rate & respiration Loss of coordination Physical collapse Depression Increased blood pressure Addiction and brain damage Dilated pupils Amphetamine psychosis: hallucinations, delusions, paranoia Dry mouth

Amphetamines Effects on Motor Skills: (Very similar to the effects of Cocaine/Crack, except intensity decreases and duration increases). A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using amphetamines is likely to experience Over-estimation of performance capabilities. User takes more risks as the result of this attitude. A likelihood of being more accident-prone. Anxiety, irritability and frequent over-reactions. Minor irritations affect inappropriate reactions. Extreme mental and physical fatigue. This occurs during the “down” period. During this time, the user is unable to concentrate and make sound judgments. Food and sleep deprivation. Amphetamine psychosis can result in the user being out of touch with reality and not knowing where he/she is going.

Amphetamines Effects on Motor Skills: Auditory and visual hallucinations. Impaired motor coordination. Responses necessary for hand/eye coordination are impaired. Symptoms: Dilated pupils Dryness of mucous membranes (dry mouth and lips) Excessive sweating and shakiness Reduced or loss of appetite Lack of sleep, insomnia Talkativeness, but conversation often lacks continuity, changes subjects rapidly Unusual energy, accelerated movements and activities

Phencyclidine (PCP) PCP was first developed as an anesthetic in the 1950’s and was removed from the market because it sometimes caused hallucinations. Most often called “angel dust”, it is available in various forms: a white crystal-like powder, a table or capsule. Immediate Personal Effects: Increased heart rate and blood pressure Flushing, sweating, dizziness and numbness Chronic & Long Term Effects: Stimulation (speeding up) of body functions (may also act as a depressant, pain killer, anesthetic, or hallucinogenic drug Change in user’s perception of own body and other forms Chronic & Long Term Effects: Changes in speech, muscle coordination and vision Slowing of body movements Dulled sense of touch and pain “Spacing out” of time Drowsiness, convulsions and coma (effects of large doses) Death from repeated convulsions, heart and lung failure or ruptured blood vessels in brain Signs of paranoia, fearfulness and anxiety Flashbacks or PCP psychosis

Phencyclidine (PCP) Effects on Motor Skills: Effects are bizarre, unpredictable and very dangerous. A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using amphetamines is likely to experience A feeling of superiority. Sense of invulnerability and power. This causes the user to take more risks. Aggressive behavior. This drug creates a very aggressive, hostile and violent person with very little patience and fearless of death. Auditory and visual hallucinations. This creates the likelihood of the user reacting to something not there, causing an accident. Visual distortion. Blurred and/or double vision. Convulsions, coma and/or death. Loss of perception of time. Impaired coordination and dulled senses.

Phencyclidine (PCP) Symptoms: Pupils may appear dilated Mask-like facial appearance Rigid muscles, strange gait Irrational speech or behavior Symptoms of intoxication Hallucinations Violent or frightened reactions Subject to flashback Exaggerated physical and mental reactions to situations Disorientations; agitation and violence if exposed to excessive sensory stimulation Deadened sensory perception (may experience severe injuries while not appearing to notice)

The effects and consequences of drug use on personal health, safety and work environment Work Environment (Source 2002: Institute for a Drug-Free Workplace) Based on a study of those employees seeking help on the “cocaine hotline” found that: 75% said they had used drug on the job, 64% admitted that drugs had adversely affected their job performance, 44% said they had sold drugs to other employees, and 18% said they had stolen from co-workers to support their habits. Based on another study by the U. S. government found that those who illicitly used drugs were: 2. 5 times more likely to have absences of 8 days or more, 3. 6 times more likely to injure themselves or another person in a workplace accident, 5 times more likely to be injured in an accident off the job which, affects attendance or performance on the job, and 5 times more likely to file a worker’s compensation claim. Drug users who are employed are 1/3 less productive and incur 300% higher medical costs.

Alcohol and Alcohol Use Alcohol is defined as the intoxicating agent in beverage alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or other low molecular weight alcohols, including methyl or isopropyl alcohol. Alcohol use is defined as the consumption of any beverage, mixture, or preparation, including any medication (prescribed or over-the-counter, intentional or unintentional), containing alcohol

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL MISUSE ON AN INDIVIDUAL’S HEALTH, WORK, AND PERSONAL LIFE: Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Taken in large quantities it causes not only the euphoria associated with “being drunk” but also adversely affects your judgment, your ability to think, and your motor functions. Drink enough alcohol fast enough and it can kill you. Long term overuse of alcohol can cause liver disease (may be fatal), heart problems (may be fatal), kidney disease, pancreatic, spontaneous abortion, increased risk of birth defects & mortality, gastrointestinal disease including ulcers, decreased sexual function, increase risk of cancer (mouth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, rectum, breast, and malignant melanoma) In some cases, alcohol can lead to a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol. Alcoholism is a serious chronic disease. Left untreated it will inevitably get worse. Workers who use alcohol (and other drugs) affect everyone. Studies show that compared to alcohol-free and drug-free workers, substance abusers are far less productive, miss more workdays are more likely to injure themselves or others, and file more workers’ compensation claims. The measurable dollar costs of workplace substance abuse from absenteeism, overtime pay, tardiness, sick leave, insurance claims, and workers’ compensation can be substantial. However, the hidden costs resulting from diverted supervisory and managerial time, friction among workers, damage to equipment, and damage to the company’s public image mean that workplace substance abuse can further cut profits and competitiveness. Alcohol can also destroy relationships, lead to serious problems with the law (e. g. , drunk driving), and even cause harm to the people you love. If drinking affects your work life, it could lead to job loss and all of the financial problems that would follow

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL MISUSE Any one or more of the following signs may indicate a drinking problem: Family or social problems caused by drinking. Job or financial difficulties related to drinking. Loss of a consistent ability to control drinking. “Blackouts” or the inability to remember what happened while drinking. Distressing physical and/or psychological reactions if you try to stop drinking. A need to drink increasing amounts of alcohol to achieve the desired effect. Marked changes in behavior or personality when drinking. Getting drunk frequently. Injuring yourself -- or someone else -- while intoxicated. Breaking the law while intoxicated. Starting the day with a drink.

HELP HOT LINES Alcoholics Anonymous - Refer to your local phone directory Al-Anon (Families of alcoholics) – 800. 356. 9996 American Council on Alcoholism – 800. 527. 5344 National Council on Alcoholism – 800. 475. HOPE Cocaine Helpline – 800. COCAINE (24 Hr/7 Day Referral service. Reformed cocaine addict counselors answer the phones, offer guidance and refer drug users to local, public and private treatment centers and family learning centers. ) Substance Abuse Professionals Referral - 800. 200. 4819

CONSEQUENCES UNDER THE RULE REFUSAL TO SUBMIT TO TESTING • Employers are required to notify the FAA within 2 working days of any instance in which a Part 61, Part 63, or Part 65 airman certificate holder refused to submit to a required drug or alcohol test. (Generally, this applies to individuals who perform flight crewmember, flight instruction, aircraft dispatcher, aircraft maintenance, or air traffic control duties) • Notification of refusals should be sent to: FAA, Office of Aerospace Medicine Drug Abatement Division, AAM-800 Independence Ave. , SW Washington, DC 20591 Or by Fax to: (202) 267 -5200 • Refusal to submit to a required drug or alcohol test. A covered employee must not refuse to submit to any required drug or alcohol test. A certificate holder must not permit an employee who refuses to submit to such a test to perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions. Refusal to submit means that a covered employee has engaged in conduct including but not limited to that described in 49 CFR 40. 261 and 49 CFR 40. 191, or has failed to remain readily available for post-accident testing as required.

A SINGLE POSITIVE DRUG/ALCOHOL TEST RESULT • If an employee is determined to have one verified positive drug or alcohol test result, he/she will be immediately removed from performing safetysensitive functions. • If an employee holds a Part 67 Airman’s Medical Certificate is determined to have one verified positive drug test result, an alcohol test result of 0. 04 or greater alcohol concentration, or a refusal to submit to a drug and/or alcohol test required by the U. S. DOT, he/she will be reported to the Federal Air Surgeon within 2 working days after the result is verified. • No Covered employee who is required to hold an airman medical certificate under Part 67 in order to perform a safety-sensitive duty may perform that duty following an alcohol violation, verified positive drug test result or a refusal to test until the covered employee obtains an airman medical certificate issued by the Federal Air Surgeon dated after the alcohol test result, verified drug test result or refusal to test date.

CONFIRMED ALCOHOL TEST RESULT OF 0. 02 BUT LESS THAN 0. 04 • Immediate removal from safety-sensitive functions, until: • a) the employee’s alcohol concentration measures less than 0. 02; or • b) the start of the employee’s next regularly scheduled duty period, but not less than 8 hours following the administration of the test CONFIRMED ALCOHOL TEST RESULT OF 0. 04 OR GREATER • No covered employee shall perform safety-sensitive functions if the employee has engaged in conduct prohibited by 120. 19 or 120. 37 or an alcohol misuse rule of another DOT agency.

PERMANENT DISQUALIFICATION FROM SERVICE 1. Two Verified Drug and/or Alcohol Violation • An employee who has verified positive drug test results on two drug tests required by 14 CFR--PART 120 and conducted after September 19, 1994 is permanently precluded from performing for an employer the safetysensitive duties the employee performed prior to the second drug test. The bar on two time violators applies to both persons who have gone through rehabillation and those, who, after evaluation, were determined not to need treatment. • An employee who violates 120. 19 or 120. 37, or Who engages in alcohol use that violates another misuse provision of 120. 19 or 120. 37 and had previously engaged in alcohol use that violates the provisions of 120. 19 or 120. 37 after becoming subject to such prohibitions is permanently precluded from performing for an employer the safety-sensitive duties the employee performed before such violation. 2. On-Duty Use of a Prohibited Drug An employee who has engaged in prohibited drug use during the performance of a safety-sensitive function after September 19, 1994 is permanently precluded from performing that safety-sensitive function for an employer. Performing (a safety-sensitive function): An employee is considered to be performing a safety-sensitive function during any period in which he or she is actually performing, ready to perform, or immediately available to perform such function.

Appendix Drug and Alcohol Program Policy 14 CFR Part 120 49 CFR Part 40 Help Hot Lines Training Quiz Certificate of Completion