Driving the Optical Reboot Technical Advances Towards Terabit

Driving the Optical Reboot: Technical Advances Towards Terabit Networking Geoff Bennett Director, Solutions & Technology 1 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

What is the “Optical Reboot”? Coined by Andrew Schmitt from Infonetics • Describes the transformation (as opposed to evolution) of optical transport networks in response to an exponential growth in demand • Characteristics include: This will be the focus • The move to coherent transmission for my presentation • The need for integrated OTN switching • The need for CDC ROADM technology • The need for a dynamic control plane (eg. GMPLS) 2 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Agenda Coherent technologies enable 100 Gb/s transmission, with outstanding reach and spectral efficiency But how do we continue to scale the operational aspects of coherent technology? • Moving beyond 100 Gb/s per channel • Coherent super-channels Engineering the “ideal super-channel” • The move to multi-carrier • The role of photonic integration 3 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

The “miracle” of coherent transmission 10 Gb/s per channel 80 channels = 800 Gb/s 100 Gb/s per channel 80 channels = 8 Tb/s A simple transmitter, and even simpler detector with no significant signal processing Tx Laser A complex transmitter, and even more complex detector with very significant signal processing Tx Modulator Rx Photodetector Rx 4 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Internet demand is growing at 30 -40% CAGR: How do we go “Beyond 100 G”? 100 Gb/s Coherent Technology Today the optoelectronics does not have the power to sample beyond about 32 GBaud Delivers 100 Gb/s, single carrier, PM-QPSK with 3, 000 km reach Wait for the electronics to “catch up” Competitive disadvantage Use “higher order” modulation (eg. 16 QAM) to take the load off the electronics 16 QAM is a “metro reach” Complementary modulation techniques Use multi-carrier super-channels Broad industry consensus that super-channels are the way forward for >100 G 5 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Moving to multi-carrier super-channels Single Carrier Dual Carrier Ten Carrier 500 Gb/s SC-PM-QPSK 500 Gb/s DC-PM-QPSK 500 Gb/s 10 C-PM-QPSK 190 GHz 1 Laser 4 modulators 160 Gbaud Electronics Time to Market: ~7 years 2 Lasers 8 modulators 80 Gbaud Electronics Time to Market: ~5 years 10 Lasers 40 Modulators 16 GBaud electronics Time to Market: NOW Must be spectrally efficient, and possible to manufacture 6 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Controlling the “Component Explosion”: The Power of Large Scale PICs Coherent Super-Channel Tx circuit is complex Coherent Super-Channel Rx circuit is even more complex Unless… Optical Functions Integrated >600 Fiber Connections Eliminated ~250 7 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

PICs Deliver Massive Capacity: With Lower Power and Space Coherent (Electronics) Optical (Photonics) Flex. Coherent™ Processor (FCP) 500 G Module Example 3 rd Gen 500 G PIC SUPER M . 78 W / Gbs Z SUPER M Z SUPER Conventional Solution MZ SUPER MZ SUPER M Z Coherent ASIC SUPER MZ 8 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary 3 rd party optics 2. 8 W / Gbps Infinera est. for currently avail. product operating at 25°C

PICs deliver performance without compromise • Industry leading performance • Peak PMD tolerance to 500 ps • Tolerant to high speed PMD transients – 10, 000 rad/s + 500 G Tx Module 500 G Rx Module Rahn, J. ; Sun, H. ; Wu, K. T. ; Basch, B. E. IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, Issue 99: Real-Time PMD Tolerance Measurements of a PIC Based 500 Gb/s Coherent Optical Modem 9 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Scaling with Flex. Coherent Super-Channels Software Selectable Ability to optimize reach vs. capacity on a given link • Per super-channel modulation format control 6000 PM-QPSK PM-8 QAM 3000 1500 700 PM-BPSK PM-16 QAM Reach Capacity Infinera: Leading the way forward in coherent technology 10 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Without Super-Channels The way 500 Gb/s is brought into service today 100 G Line Card 100 G Line Card 11 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary Bulky Power-hungry Does not scale operationally

With Super-Channels A super-channel implements multiple carriers - ideally in a single line card… It’s practical to build… All carriers provisioned in single operational cycle… Line Card And is seen as a single unit of capacity by the services that use it 12 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary It has excellent optical performance

Heavy Reading White Paper Available free at : www. infinera. com/solutions/whitepapers. html “As suppliers look to 100 G and beyond, we are hearing an increasing consensus among them that the super-channel is the best solution. ” “As we move to the 100 G era and beyond, the use of photonic integration becomes more pervasive and, ultimately, mandatory. ” Sterling Perrin Senior Analyst, Heavy Reading 13 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

The Submarine Networking Reboot: Match Transmission Capacity to Useful Cable Life Useful life of typical submarine cable 25 -30 years 30% CAGR for 25 years but… >700 times increase “Evolution” of the line system can only deliver a limited increase in capacity – to meet predicted demand increase, an “optical reboot” is essential Original submarine line system 14 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary Phase 1 upgrade 2. 5 G->10 G Phase 2 upgrade 10 G – 100 G

CANALINK Network Deployment CT SEV-ADIF PENINSULA Phase 1 CT SEV-TELVENT CT ROTA CT JEREZ LA BALLENA BMH PIC-based line system delivers ~10 X capacity increase CONIL BMH CT CONIL CT CALP ASILAH BMH MARRUECOS BAJAMAR BMH LA PALMA CT GUIMAR CT GRANADILLA (NAP D-ALi. X) TENERIFE TINOCA BMH CANDELARIA BMH GRANADILLA BMH CT NOBEL CT EL GORO OJOS DE GARZA BMH GRAN CANARIA 15 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Line System Upgrades are Growing Rapidly Asia Regional 40/100 G Trials (Subset) S. America >20, 000 km >16000 km Americas >25, 000 km 16 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary Pacific Coast >7000 km Trans-Atlantic >6000 km Japan Mediterranean 450 km >4000 km Trans-Atlantic Middle East >13, 000 km >10, 000 km

NREN Backbone Reboot: DANTE GEANT 3 Infinera DTN-X 500 G, PIC-based, super-channel line cards Up to 1 Tb/s per slot in chassis 5 Tb/s non-blocking OTN switch Evolution to MPLS-TP Up to 8 Tb/s per fiber (C-Band) 17 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Summary: What I talked about today The optical reboot is about revolution, not evolution A move to coherent transmission produces at least a 10 X improvement in spectral efficiency, and usually an improvement in optical reach Super-channels offer a way to scale network operations for coherent technologies • 5 X or 10 X the backbone capacity for the same operational effort Photonic integration is essential for the implementation of practical super-channels 18 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Summary: What I did not talk about today Integrated switching is vital part of the optical reboot • Essential for the efficient use of 100 G and super-channel capacity • Enables effective control planes ROADM technology is in a state of flux today • Ongoing challenge to deliver full CDC economically • About to encounter the move from fixed grid to flexible grid Dynamic control planes drive down Op. Ex • But they require digital switching to work effectively • GMPLS is the proven technology today • SDN looks like it can solve several interesting problems, but is immature in the context of transport networks 19 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary

Thank You Geoff Bennett gbennett@infinera. com 20 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary