Drill How is specific defense different from nonspecific

Drill Ø How is specific defense different from nonspecific defense? Ø What cell is needed to activate both defenses? Ø What cells are produced from the T cell line? What cells are produced from the B cell line? Ø Which cell type is needed to activate the B cell line?

Drill Ø What is the difference between specific and non-specific response? Objective(s) Ø Types of non specific response. Ø Brain dissection Ø

Drill Ø Explain the difference between a non specific response and a specific response. State 2 non specific responses. Objective(s) Ø Types of specific response. Ø Brain dissection Ø

Drill Ø What is the purpose of antibodies? Ø How are the constant and variable regions on antibodies different? Ø Which region from above attaches to the antibodies? Objective(s) Explain the cell mediated response

Drill Ø Name the 2 types of lymphocytes and their location of development. Where are they stored after their development? Objective(S). Describe how antibodies are produced and time frame of production. Ø List and describe the diseases of the lymphatic system.

Ø How is natural immunity different from artificial immunity? Ø How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

Lymphatic System

I. Lymphatic Network A. Functions 1. _________- Transport lost fluid (lymph) back to the circulatory system. 2. _________ the body against pathogens. 3. ______absorption.

B. Lymphatic Capillaries 1. Microscopic _______ found between cells. (Not found in the brain, spinal cord, bone, epidermis) 2. Similar to _______. 3. _______ Joined endothelial cells C. Lymphatic Vessels 1. _______ three layers D. Lymph Nodes

Review Ø Name the functions of the lymphatic system. Ø State why lymphatic vessels are similar to veins.

E. Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting Ducts 1. _______ – merging vessels. 2. _______ – One duct before returning back to the heart. a. _______ – left side of the head, neck, thorax, left arm, entire lower body. 1. Empties into ____ subclavin 2. Originates from _______. b. _______ Duct – Right side of the head, neck, right arm 1. Empties into _______ subclavin

F. Lymph Movement 1. Formation – Interstitial fluid formed by movement of blood plasma out of the capillary bed. a. Increased interstitial fluid, ______________ forces lymph pores open – fluid flows ______. 2. Movement a. Force of interstitial fluid entering vessel b. Similar to veins: 1. _______ 2. _______ Skeletal movement.

Review Ø How is a lymphatic trunk different from a lymphatic duct. Ø Which ducts drain the right side of the body? Ø Which ducts drain the left half of the body?

II. Lymphatic Organs A. True organs 1. _______ tissue containing lymphocytes (white blood cells) B. Lymph Node 1. ____ – neck 2. _______ – armpit 3. ____ – groin 4. Deep with in C. Structure 1. _______ Vessels – Towards. 2. _____- Concave margin 3. _______ Vessels – Away. 4. _______ 5. _______ - Outer 6. _______ – Inner 7. _______ -Extensions 8. _______ – Main structure of lymph nodes, gathering of WBC

D. Node Function 1. _______ E. Spleen 1. _____ lymphatic organ 2. ________– outer, protection 3. _______– Large number of red blood cells. 4. _______– Large number of white blood cells. F. Thymus 1. _______ active during immune response. 2. _______production 3. Capsule 4. Cortex 5. Medulla G. Tonsils 1. Two _______ – Back of palate 2. Two _______al –Upper throat 3. Two _______ – Base of tongue H. Peyer’s Patches 1. _______ located along the _______

Review Ø What determines a true lymphatic organ? Ø What do true lymphatic organs contains? Ø What is the largest lymphatic organ of the body?

III. Defense Mechanisms A. Immune system has ability to _______foreign particles (pathogens &/or toxins). B. ______________ (MHC) – markers that can distinguish between self & non self. C. Two types of defense. 1. _______(innate) 2. _______ (adaptive) D. Type of responses 1. _______

Review Ø What are the two types of immune responses? Ø What determines is you will have a immune response?

E. Innate or Non Specific Mechanisms – Defends against all types of pathogens & has the same response. 1. _______ a. _______ b. _______ membranes 2. _______– Cellular Eating a. Monocytes b. Neutrophils c. Macrophages d. Natural Killer Cells Punches holes in cells. e. Swelling Basophils Mast cells Eosinophils

3. _______ Mediators a. _______ 1. _______ proteins 2. Helps enhance phagocytes b. _______ 1. Secreted by _______ cells to stimulate neighboring cells to produce antibodies.

4. Inflammation a. _______ - chemical attraction of phagocytes -_______ permeability b. _______inflammation c. _____ inflammation

Review Ø How is a non specific response differ from a specific response? Ø What are the four types of non specific responses?

F. Specific Mechanisms – ______________ 1. Ability to _______a specific antigen or toxin. a. Antigen recognition b. Proliferation 2. Components of Immunity a. _______ – any substance that causes an immune response. b. ____ (Ab) (gamma globulins or immunoglobulins)– protein molecule that is produced in response to a specific antigen. - ____heavy chains - ____ light chains c. AB + Antigen = Antigen-Ab complex (inactivation)

d. Five Classes of Ab 1. ____ – Most common - small 2. ___ – protection on body surfaces 3. ____ – First to be produced – large 4. ____ – Antigen-antibody receptors 5. ____ – Allergies (bind to mast cells) e. _______– made for specific antigens f. ____ – same between all antibodies

Specific Defense

e. _______ – come bone marrow 1. _______– develop in bone marrow a. _______ b. _______ – AB 2. _______– develop in thymus a. _______– destroy’s infected cell b. _______– stimulates immune system c. _______– stops the body’s response d. _______– remembers for future infections

Review What is a antigen? What is a antibody? How does the body recognize foreign antigens? What is the type of cells involved in specific immunity?

3. _______– T cell response a. _______ invaded & infected cells. b. Macrophage _____ an antigen, phagocytized it, & processed it. c. Process antigen is _____ on macrophage surface & is presented to the T-cells. d. _______the T-cells.

Cell Mediated Response

Review Ø What is the first cell involved in the cell mediated response? Ø What are the four types of cells produced from the cell mediated response?

4. _______– Ab Response a. Macrophage identified an antigen, phagotized it, & processed it. b. Process antigen is placed on macrophage surface & is presented to the B-cells. c. Activates the ___-cells with the help of _______. d. Grows & multiple into _______cells (immunization) & _______ (Ab). e. AB production takes ____ days, peaks in 3 weeks. f. AB binds to antigen surface forming the antigen-Ab complex (inactivated). g. Labeled for destruction for natural killer cells.

Humoral Response

Review Ø 1. What is the first cell type involved in the humoral response? Ø 2. Which cell from the T-line is needed to aid the humoral response to activate? Ø 3. What are two cell types produced in the humoral response? Which one produces antibodies?

Effect of Antibodies

Antibody Production

Specific response review

Review Ø What is the basic shape of the anitbody? Ø How do antibodies inactivate foreign antigens? Ø How long does it take to develop antibodies? Ø Why do you never come down with the symptoms from your second exposure on?

G. Allergic Response – ___________. 1. _______Ab is released into blood in response to the allergen. 2. Comes into contact with the _______ (concentrated in skin & mucus layer). 3. Mast cell stores _______. 4. _______ + _______= release of histamine (causes inflammation. Ex. Hives & asthma ______________ 5. ________hypersensitivities – hay fever, asthma 6. ________hypersensitivities – poison ivy, soaps, cosmetics

H. Acquired Immunity 1. Persons ability to mount a defense. 2. Two Types 1. _______ acquired a. ____ – develop after exposure. ex- chicken pox, flu, measles. b. ____ – passed from 1 person to another. ex- Polio, rubella – mother to baby by placenta or breast milk. 2. _______ Acquired - Vaccine Killed or weaken virus that causes an immune response ____ the symptoms. a. ____ – Lifelong ex. polio, measles b. ____ – Short term ex- rabies, hepatitis, tetanus, snake venoms.

Immunity

Review Ø Are allergies an innate or humoral immune response? Why? Ø What is released when allergies occur? Ø How can allergies be dealt with? Ø How is naturally & artificially acquired immunity different? Ø How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

IV. Homeostasis 1. Recycling valuable fluids. 2. Defense against diseases.

V. Immunodefiency 1. ____ are reduced which reduces the body’s ability to defend itself. a. Attacked by pathogens. b. Low level production. Ex 1. ____– Severe Combined Immundeficiency a. Born ____ the ability to produce active B & T cells. b. Treatment – bone marrow ____. 2. ____ a. Caused by ____ virus b. ____ the ____ T cells – body never knows it is getting invaded by other pathogens. c. ID in US – 1981 3. ____ – Cancer a. large multinucleated cell in affected lymphoid tissue b. 15 -38 & over 50 yrs old.