Drill Find the integral using the given substitution

Drill • Find the integral using the given substitution

Lesson 6. 5: Logistic Growth Day #1: P. 369: 1 -17 (odd) Day #2: P. 369/70: 19 -29; odd, 37

Partial Fraction Decomposition with Distinct Linear Denominators • If f(x) = P(x)/Q(x) where P and Q are polynomials with the degree of P less than the degree of Q, and if Q(x) can be written as a product of distinct linear factors, then f(x) can be written as a sum of rational functions with distinct linear denominators.

Example: Finding a Partial Fraction Decomposition • Write the function f(x)= (x-13)/(2 x 2 -7 x+3) as a sum of rational functions with linear denominators.

Write the function f(x)= (2 x+16)/(x 2 +x-6) as a sum of rational functions with linear denominators.

Example: Antidifferentiating with Partial Fractions Because the numerator’s degree is larger than the denominator’s degree, we will need to use polynomial division. 3 x 2 - +3 3 x 4 -3 x 2 - 3 x 2 +1 3 x 2 -3 4

When x = -1 A(0) + B(-2) = 4; B = - 2 When x = 1 A(2) + B(0) = 4; A= 2

Finding Three Partial Fractions When x = -2 B(-4)(-3)=36 12 B = 36 B = 3 When x = 1 C(-1)(3)=-6 -3 C = -6 C = 2 When x = 2 A(4)(1)=4 4 A=4 A=1

Drill: Evaluate the Integral When x = -7, B(-7) = -21, B = 3 When x = 0, 7 A = 14, A = 2

The Logistic Differential Equation If we want the growth rate to approach 0 as P approaches a maximal carrying capacity M, we can introduce a limiting factor of M – P. Remember that exponential growth can be modeled by d. P/dt = k. P, for some k >0 Logistic Differential Equation d. P/dt = k. P(M-P)

General Logistic Formula • The solution of the general logistic differential equation is Where A is a constant determined by an appropriate initial condition. The carrying capacity M and the growth constant k are positive constants.

Example: Using Logistic Regression • The population of Aurora, CO for selected years between 1950 and 2003 Years after 1950 Population 0 11, 421 20 74, 974 30 158, 588 40 222, 103 50 275, 923 53 290, 418

Use logistic regression to find a model. • In order to this with a table, enter the data into the calculator (L 1 = year, L 2 = population) • Stat, Calc, B: Logistic • Based on the regression equation, what will the Aurora population approach in the long run? § 316, 441 people (note that the carrying capacity is the numerator of the equation!)

When will the population first exceed 300, 000? • Use the calculator to intersect. • When x = 59. 12 or in the 59 th year: 1950 + 59 = 2009 Write a logistic equation in the form of d. P/dt = k. P(M-P) that models the data. • We know that M = 316440. 7 and Mk =. 1026 • Therefore 316440. 7 k=. 1026, making k = 3. 24 X 10 -7 • d. P/dt= 3. 24 X 10 -7 P(316440. 7 -P)

6. 5, day #2 • Review the following notes, ON YOUR OWN • You can get extra credit if you complete the homework for day 2. (Will replace a missing homework, OR if you do have no missing assignments, it will push your homework grade over 100%) • Correct answers + work will give you extra credit on Friday’s quiz. • No work = No extra credit

Example • The growth rate of a population P of bears in a newly established wildlife preserve is modeled by the differential equation d. P/dt =. 008 P(100 -P), where t is measured in years. A. What is the carrying capacity for bears in this wildlife preserve? Remember that M is the carrying capacity, and according to the equation, M = 100 bears

B. What is the bear population when the population is growing the fastest? C. What is the rate of change of population when it is growing the fastest? The growth rate is always maximized when the population reaches half the carrying capacity. d. P/dt =. 008 P(100 -P) d. P/dt =. 008(50)(100 -50) d. P/dt =20 bears per year In this case, it is 50 bears.

Example • In 1985 and 1987, the • What is the carrying Michigan Department of capacity? Natural Resources 1000 moose airlifted 61 moose from Algonquin Park, Ontario to Marquette County in Generate a slope field. The window should be x: [0, 25] the Upper Peninsula. It and y: [0, 1000] was originally hoped that the population P would reach carrying capacity in about 25 years with a growth rate of d. P/dt = . 0003 P(1000 -P)

• Solve the differential equation with the initial condition P(0) = 61 We first need to separate the variables. Then we will integrate one side by using partial fractions.

Multiply both sides by 1000 to clear decimals. Multiply both sides by -1 to put 1000 -P on the top