Drill Determine the Ksp for Mn 2 S

Drill: • Determine the Ksp for Mn 2 S 3 when the -20 solubility is 1 x 10

Complex Ions

Complex Ion • An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules

Complex Ion • The central element is almost always a positively charged metal

Describe or define a Complex Ion

Anion • Negatively charged ion

Cation • Positively charged ion

Metal Ion Examples +2 Cu + Au + Ag +2 Zn +2 Ni +2 Pt +2 Co +3 Al

Ligands • The negative ions or polar molecules bound by the central element in a complex ion

Ligand Examples • Cl F H 2 O • NH 3 • NO CN Br O 2 OH

Polydentate Ligands • Ligands that can bind to more than one point

Bidentate Ligands • Ligands that can bind to two points in a complex ion

Bidentate Examples H 2 N-CH 2 -NH 2 -OOC-COO-

Tridentate Ligands • Ligands that can bind to three points in a complex ion

Tridentate Examples H 2 -C-COO HO-C-COO H 2 -C-COO

Chelates • Polydentate ligands that bind to metal ions in solution

Coordination Number • The number of points in which ligands bind to the central element in a complex ion

Coordinate Covalent Bond • Covalent bonds in which both electrons involved are donated by one atom

Drill: • Define: –Complex ion –Ligand –Coordination number

Complex Ions • The bonds formed in a complex ion are coordinate covalent bonds

Coordination Complex • A complex ion and its counter ion

Complex Ions • The bonds formed in a complex ion are coordinate covalent bonds

Complex Ion • Because of the type bonding, they are sometimes called coordinate complexes

AP CHM HW • Read: Chapter 15 • Problems: 3 & 5 • Page: 445

Naming Complexes 1) Name cations before anions

Naming Complexes 2) Name ligands before metal in the complex ion

2) Naming Ligands a) give neutral compds normal names except:

H 2 O NH 3 CO NO aqua amine carbonyl nitrosyl

2) Naming Ligands b) change -ide endings to -o for all anions

2) Naming Ligands c) name ligands alphabetically

2) Naming Ligands d) use geometric prefixes for monodentate ligands

2) Naming Ligands e) use bis- for 2 & tris- for 3 polydentate ligands

3) Naming Metal a) use the normal name if the complex ion is (+)

3) Naming Metal b) make the metal ending -ate if the complex ion is (-)

3) Naming Metal d) use Roman numerals in () to indicate metal ox #

Name the Following: [Pt(NH 3)4]Cl 2 -2 [Co(H 2 O)2 Cl 4] [Cu(H 2 O)2(en)2]I 2

AP CHM HW • Read: Chapter 15 • Name each in Problem 5 • Page: 445

Predict # of isomers of each: [Pt(NH 3)4 Cl 2] [Co(H 2 O)3 Cl 3]

Drill: Name each +2 ] [Pt (H 2 O)2(en)2 -2 [Co(H 2 O)2 F 2 I 2] -1 [Zn. NH 3 Cl. FI]

Complex Ion Shapes 2 -linear 4 -tetrahedral or sq pl 6 -octahedral

Geometric Isomers Square planar vs tetrahedral cis vs trans

Geometric Isomers Tetra vs Sq Pl

Geometric Isomers Square Planer X Y Y X

Geometric Isomers Bunched octa. T-shaped octabis: cis vs trans

T-Shaped vs Bunched X X X

Optical Isomers Tri-bis mirror images

Cis vs trans

Optical isomers

Predict isomer # +2 ] [Pt (H 2 O)2(en)2 -2 [Co(H 2 O)2 F 2 I 2] -1 [Zn. NH 3 Cl. FI]

Name & Predict isomer # -1 [Fe. NH 3 Cl 2 I]

AP CHM HW • Read: Chapter 15 • Problem: 13 • Page: 445

Field Strength CN > NO 2 > en > NH 3 > NCS > H 2 O > F > Cl

Field Strength CN is strong field Cl is weak field

Field Strength Determines d-level splitting or Do(splitting energy)

dlevel

Low field strength (small splitting) dlevel

High field strength (large splitting) dlevel

Low spin dlevel High spin

Field Strength Large Do yields low spin or diamagnetic compds

Field Strength Small Do yields high spin or paramagnetic compds

-2 ] [Pt(NH 3)2 I 4 Determine: Name, shape, & possible isomerism

Drill: Determine the name, shape & isomers of: [Co(H 2 O)3 Cl 3 -1 ]

Drill: Determine the name, shape & isomers of: -2 [Cu. Cl 2 I 2]

Determine the name, shape & isomers of: -2 [Zn. Br 2 Cl 2]

+3 ] [Co(NH 3)6 +2 [Co(NH 3)5 NCS] +2 [Co(NH 3)5 H 2 O] +2 [Co(NH 3)5 Cl] +1 t-[Co(NH 3)4 Cl 2] yellow orange red purple green

Complex Ion Equilibria +2 Cu + 4 NH 3 Kf = [Cu(NH 3)4 +2 ] +2 [[Cu(NH 3)4] ] +2 4 [Cu ][NH 3]

Calculate the ratio of +2 +2 [Cu ]/ [Cu(NH 3)4] when +2 Cu is added to a 0. 10 M NH 3 solution: 12 Kf = 2. 0 x 10

AP CHM HW • Read: Chapter 15 • Problem: 37 • Page: 446

Common Ion Equilibria • The larger the Kf, the more likely the complex will form

Common Ion Equilibria +1 • Kf for [Ag(NH 3)2] 7 = 1. 7 x 10 -1 • Kf for [Ag(CN)2] 20 = 2. 0 x 10

Common Ion Equilibria CN will replace NH 3 in the complex with silver

Common Ion Equilibria +2 • Kf for [M(NH 3)2] 11 = 1. 7 x 10 -2 • Kf for [M(CN)4] 20 = 2. 0 x 10

Calculate: a) coordination # b) number of isomers c) oxidation # of metal +1 [Zn(NH 3)2 H 2 OF] -1 [Co(NH 3)3 Cl. FI]