Drill 1028 l What made Baltimore such a

Drill 10/28 l What made Baltimore such a divided city at the dawn of the Civil War?

l Maryland was a “border state” – – A southern slave state that did not break from the union Mayor of Baltimore – Pro-South Police Chief – Pro South Governor of MD – Pro-Union

Result of the Riots l l Union troops enter Baltimore and it is put under Martial (Military) Law Lincoln and the MD Governor suspend habeas corpus – l l Pro-Confederate legislators are kept out of commission MD “votes” to stay in the union Why was it so important that MD stay in the Union after Virginia had left?

Objective: SWBAT l l Analyze both the social and political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Identify key people in the Civil War

Drill 10/29 l What were the immediate POLITICAL effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Drill 10/29 l The Emancipation MADE slavery a key issue of the war – – l To support the south now meant you were actively supporting slavery Any foreign influence that the CSA could have hoped to get was now lost In the north it raised questions of equality – Freedom was one thing, equality was something WHOLLLY different

Objective: SWBAT l Identify key terminology and figures of the Civil War

The Civil War EAST vs. West? l l Very little activity takes place north of the Mason Dixon line So historians have divided the “theaters” of the civil war into East and West

Eastern Theater l Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania

Western Theater l The deep South, Texas, Arkansas

The Civil War Important Figures

Union – George B Mc. Clellan l l l Organizer of the “Army of the Potomac” General-in-chief of the Union Army (11/1861 -3/1862) Important Battles – – – l l Peninsular Campaign Maryland Antietam Suffered numerous defeats early on, would be fired “If General Mc. Clellan does not wish to use the army, then I suggest he give it to me for a time” – Lincoln

Union – Wm. Tecumseh Sherman l l l Major General Commander of forces in the Western Theater Important Battles – – l l Shiloh Vicksburg Chattanooga The March to the Sea Proponent of “scorched Earth” tactics Total War against the South

Confederate – Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson l l l Major General Earned his nickname at Bull Run (First Manassas) Important Battles – – Bull Run (First Manassas) Valley Campaign Northern Virginia Campaign MD Campaign l – – Antietam Chancellorsville Vicksburg

Confederate – Robert E. Lee l l General – Army of Northern Virginia Highest ranking general in the CSA Most respected military figure in the South and North Long military history – l Ancestor signed the Declaration of Independence Important Battles – – – Siege if Richmond Northern VA campaigns Gettysburg

CW – The Civil War Begins l This was to be your homework yesterday – sorry for the repeating Guided Readings in class l Work with a partner if you like.

Recap l We have discussed and your book has told you why Lee was considered such an important person. l What did a person like Le

Drill 10/30 l Identify the following – – Mc. Clellan Sherman Jackson Lee

Objective: SWBAT l l Identify key battles of the Civil War Analyze the key turning point in the war

The dawn of War l l Lincoln and the Federal Government is still hoping to end this with as little bloodshed as possible The Naval Blockade of the South – – “The Anaconda Plan” Limit the supplies, making them unable to fight

The Union struggles in the east l Confederate – Army of Northern Virginia (Ao. NV) – l Lee Union – Army of the Potomac (Aot. P) – – Mc. Clellan Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside Maj. Gen John Hooker Maj. Gen. George Meade

The Union Struggles in the East l The Union went through so many generals because none could defeat Lee l Lee secured key victories proving he was a superior general even with inferior forces l Emboldened by these victories Lee would strike the Union

Battle of Antietam (9/17/1862) l l Near Sharpsburg, MD Aot. P – 87, 000 troops Ao. NV – 45, 000 troops Single bloodiest day in American military history – – Over 23, 000 casualties 7: 30 am – 4: 30 pm

Antietam l l l The first battle on Northern soil Mc. Clellan is able to withstand Lee’s army and send them back into Virginia Mc. Clellan refused to pursue them – – Lee’s army remained unbroken Lincoln fires Mc. Clellan for his failure

Classwork – Let’s try this mapping thing again l l l I know, you already saw this map – bear with me Today and tomorrow we will be using this map to track battles Today you are going to focus on the Eastern Theater

Classwork- Eastern Theater battles l Using your books (pg 176 - ) On the map locate the battle and identify the result and date(s) of the following battles l Identify – – – l First Bull Run Chancellorsville Fredricksburg Seven Day’s Battle Antietam On the back answer these questions: – Why did the failure at Antietam cause Lincoln to fire Mc. Clellan? Did Lincoln’s initial desire for a lack of bloodshed play into Mc. Clellan’s actions?

Drill 10/30 l Why did Lincoln end up firing Mc. Clellan? – Mc. Clellan was reluctant to directly engage Robert E Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, angering Lincoln.

Objective: SWBAT l l Identify key union victories in the West Analyze the effects of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” on the current and post-war Southern Economy.

The Western Theater l l l For all the trouble that the Union was having in the East they were succeeding in the West Other Confederate generals (such as Braxton Bragg) made multiple tactical errors Grant made Bragg pay for these mistakes

Grant’s Western campaign l Beginning with a narrow victory at Shiloh (TN) – l l Another 100, 000 casualties A series of crushing victories for the Union Grant’s forces drove down the Western half of the Confederacy – The goal was to cut the confederacy in half and sieze the largest city and port, New Orleans

Grants success l l Grant’s campaign began in February, 1862 in TN By June of 1862 Grant’s army had control of New Orleans – – Effectively cutting off the Confederacy’s largest port The confederacy would be increasingly cut-off from necessary trade and supplies as the war dragged on

CW today – complete the maps we were working on yesterday l l l Finish outlining the Eastern Front battles from yesterday Also, look on the board for the list of battles in the Western Front and the additional questions on the back Also, get out the Guided Reading 4. 2 That will be collected at the end of the day

Classwork- Eastern Theater battles l Using your books (pg 176 - ) On the map locate the battle and identify the result and date(s) of the following battles l Identify – – – l First Bull Run Chancellorsville Fredricksburg Seven Day’s Battle Antietam On the back answer these questions: – Why did the failure at Antietam cause Lincoln to fire Mc. Clellan? Did Lincoln’s initial desire for a lack of bloodshed play into Mc. Clellan’s actions?

Drill 11/7 l What is guerilla war? Why were the Federal Forces so afraid of the prospect of Guerilla War in the south?

Objective: SWBAT l Analyze the immediate impact of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination on North/ South Relations

The Assassination of Lincoln l l April 14, 1865 The first successful assassination of a sitting President – l The first attempt was against Andrew Jackson in 1826 Ford’s Theater, Washington DC

The Conspirators George Atzerodt Louis Powell John Wilkes Booth

The first plot l l l 1865 Lincoln easily wins re-election The Confederacy is failing The Southern sympathizers are growing nervous US Grant had ended the system of prisoner exchange – Hurting the south’s ability to replenish troops

The first plot l l l Booth and his conspirators plan to kidnap the President in order to exchange him for Confederate prisoners On March 17, 1865 Lincoln was supposed to be seeing a production of Still Waters Run Deep at a military hospital Lincoln’s planned changed and the plot failed

It becomes assassination l l l Booth will kill Lincoln Powell will be assigned to kill William Seward Atzerodt is told to kill Andrew Johnson

April 14, 1865 l l Lincoln will be attending a production of Our American Cousin Booth plans well – – l l He knows the layout of theater He knows the side-streets of DC His escape route has been planned He has more conspirators waiting for him in southern MD They will all strike simultaneously just after 10 pm The conspirators will escape to safety in Virginia

The Assassination l Lincoln is shot once in the back of the head – – l Louis Powell breaks into Seward’s room and stabs him multiple times – l Booth leaps down from the box, breaking his leg in the process Stands center-stage and shouts “Sic Semper Tyranus” (Thus always to tyrants) Seward is unharmed due to a metal brace Atzerodt gets cold feet and never attempts to kill Johnson

CW: The Reaction l Short BCR – write on your homework from last night l Lincoln was coming under fire from the political north for taking a soft stance on Reconstruction. How would the assassination of Lincoln effect the negotiations surrounding reconstruction?

The escape l l l Booth rides fast to the southern bridge leaving the city Another conspirator David Herold is waiting for him Booth needs medical attention – l They find a doctor, Henry Mudd, he sets the leg Federal Authorities will chase Booth for 12 days through Southern MD and VA

The Trial l Booth does not live to see trial – l Powell is captured at the tavern of Mary Suratt in Surattsville, MD – l l He is killed in a standoff with Union troops She calims she doesn’t know him – this is a lie she is arrested Atzerodt is caught in DC Nearly a dozen people arrested, the government focuses on eight suspects

The Trial l Suratt, Powell, Herold and Atzerodt are sentenced to death by hanging – l The first woman executed by the US government Others, including Dr. Samuel Mudd are sentenced to life in Prison – Though they will be pardoned the following year

Drill 11/10 l What were Booth’s reasons for shooting Lincoln – – Hoped to “decapitate” the Federal Government this would but the CSA time to regroup Lincoln’s views toward African-American citizenship did not help matters

Objective: SWBAT l l Identify the first phases of Reconstruction in America Analyze the impact of Radical republicanism on Reconstruction

The end of the war l Two major surrenders – – l Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse Johnston surrenders to Sherman at Greensboro, NC War effectively over – – Some in the Confederate government holding out Fighting in Texas

How do we rebuild l RECONSTRUCTION – – Period in American history describing the attempt to rebuild the country after the Civil War 1863 -1877

Main issues l l l How do the Confederate States regain their place in government? How will former Confederates be treated? What is the status of “Freedmen” – Freedmen – the name given to former slaves during the Reconstruction Era

Three Phases of Reconstruction l Presidential Reconstruction (1863 -1866) – l Radical Reconstruction (1866 -1872) – l Controlled by Lincoln and then Johnson Controlled by the “Radical” faction of the Republican Party Southern Reconstruction (“Redemption”) (1873 -1877) – South regains complete control

Radical Republicanism l l Thaddeus Stevens One of the more powerful Republicans in congress Fervent abolitionist Anti-south

Drill 11/11 l What are three major issues involved with Reconstruction?

Main issues l l l How do the Confederate States regain their place in government? How will former Confederates be treated? What is the status of “Freedmen” – Freedmen – the name given to former slaves during the Reconstruction Era

Objective: SWBAT l l Compare, Contrast the three plans at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era Analyze the impact of Lincoln’s assassination on Reconstruction efforts

Review Thaddeus Stevens l l Thaddeus Stevens One of the more powerful Republicans in congress Fervent abolitionist Anti-south – – l Holds the south solely responsible for the war and union lives lost Wants to make them pay Stevens is emblematic of typical Radical Republicanism at the time

The Reconstruction debate l With a partner read the handout and answer the following questions: – Describe Lincoln’s plan, the Wade-Davis Bill and Johnson’s plan l – – – Of the three which is the most harsh, which is most lenient and why? What is Lincoln’s reaction to the Wade – Davis Bill? How does Congress answer? How does Lincoln’s assassination impact the debate? Predict: Why does Johnson soften his views during his Presidency?

REVIEW l l l Complete the Review assignments for sections 4. 1, 2 and 3 On the back of each complete the Critical Thinking Also with two partners, compile a short list of four (4) ESSAY questions that you feel someone SHOULD know.