DRAINAGE RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA IMPORTANT TERMS Drainage

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DRAINAGE RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA

DRAINAGE RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA

IMPORTANT TERMS Drainage basin: Water divide the area drained by a single river system

IMPORTANT TERMS Drainage basin: Water divide the area drained by a single river system i. e. main river and its tributaries. Water divide: elevated area or an upland that separates two drainage basin.

Drainage patterns � Dendritic: forms when river follows the slope of the land ,

Drainage patterns � Dendritic: forms when river follows the slope of the land , river and its tributaries resembles the branches of the tree. � Trellis: it develops over alternate band of hard and soft rocks (ridge and valley topography) tributaries join main river at approx. right angle. � Rectangular : formed over hard and strongly jointed rocky terrain tributaries join main river at right angle. � Radial: It develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.

River cycle and fluvial landforms Features formed in youthful stage: v shape valley, waterfall

River cycle and fluvial landforms Features formed in youthful stage: v shape valley, waterfall alluvial fans Features formed in mature stage: meanders , ox bow lake , flood plains, levees Features formed in old stage: Delta , distributaries

Young stage Mature stage Old stage

Young stage Mature stage Old stage

Himalayan and peninsular rivers �Himalayan river 1. Perennial in nature 2. Source of origin

Himalayan and peninsular rivers �Himalayan river 1. Perennial in nature 2. Source of origin -glaciers 3. Have long courses and perform intense erosion. 4. Mainly of dendritic pattern and forms well developed deltas. 5. Comparatively younger in origin. �Peninsular river 1. Non perennial in nature 2. 3. Source of origin lakes. Have shallower and shorter courses. 4. Combination of dendritic, trellis and rectangular pattern. 5. Show graded profile.

Himalayan river systems

Himalayan river systems

s. no Name of the river Origin & drain into Tributaries remarks 1. Indus

s. no Name of the river Origin & drain into Tributaries remarks 1. Indus • Near lake Mansarowar in Tibet • Arabian sea Zaskas, Nubra , Shyok, Hunza in Kashmir region; Satluj , Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum near Mithankot • Emerges from mountain at Attock. • Gentle slope • Total length 2900 km 2. Ganga • Gangotri Glacier in Uttrakhand • Bay of Bengal From Himalayan side. Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandhak, Kosi From peninsula side. Chambal, Betwa, So n • Formes the largest delta of the world along rivert Brahmaputra -Sunderban 3. Brahmaputra • East of lake Dibang, Dihang Mansarowar and Lohit in Tibet • Bay of Bengal Take u turn at Namcha Barwa to enter India

Indus Water Treaty : This treaty is about Sharing of the water of the

Indus Water Treaty : This treaty is about Sharing of the water of the River Indus between India and Pakistan. India can use 20% of the total water.

Ganga River System � Headwater of River Ganga – Bhagirathi(origin Gangotri) and Alaknanda joins

Ganga River System � Headwater of River Ganga – Bhagirathi(origin Gangotri) and Alaknanda joins at Devaprayag to form Ganga �At Haridwar emerge from mountains �Northernmost point of Ganga delta-Farakka in W. Bengal �Divide into Bhagirathi and Hoogly �Mainstream flows southward joined by Brahmaputra and known as Meghna. Forms Sunderban delta named after sundari tree. �Total length 2500 km �Ambala forms water divide between Indus and Ganga

Bramhmaputra river system �Also known as Tsang Po in Tibet and jamuna in Bangladesh

Bramhmaputra river system �Also known as Tsang Po in Tibet and jamuna in Bangladesh �Carries less silt in Tibet region and lagre amount of silt in Indian part �Many problems are associated with it –floods, sedimentation of river bed and frequent shifting of its channel. �Forms worlds largest riverine island- Majuli island in the state of Assam.

The Peninsular rivers

The Peninsular rivers

River Origin and drain Tributaries into Remark Narmada • Amarkantak hills in M. P

River Origin and drain Tributaries into Remark Narmada • Amarkantak hills in M. P • Into Arabian sea Hiran, Kolar , Tawa • Forms Dhuan Dhar fall in Jabalpur (Marble Rock) • Forms esturie Tapi • Multai in Betul distt of M. P • Into Arabian sea Purna, Betul, Amravati Called twin of River Narmada Forms esturie Mahanadi • Dhandkaranya Ib, Sheonath, Tel in Chhattisgarh • Drains into Bay of Bengal Peninsular River • Hirakund Dam is built on this river • It is the most important river of

River Origin and drain Tributaries into Remark Godavari • Nasik district in Maharashtra •

River Origin and drain Tributaries into Remark Godavari • Nasik district in Maharashtra • Drain into Bay of Bengal • Longest river of peninsular India • Also called Dakshin Ganga • Forms Denderitic pattern Krishna • Rises from The Koyna, western ghats near Bhima, Ghataprabha, Mahabaleshwar Tungabhadra, Musi • Drain into Bay of Bengal • Second largest river of peninsula • Famous city of Hyderabad is located on the bank of River Musi one of the main tributary Cauvery (Kaveri) • Rise in Brahmagri Amaravati and Shiva range of Western Ghates • Drain into Bay of Bengal • Main river for southern most states • Forms Delta Peninsular River Penganga, Wainganga, Indravati

Economic Benefits of river �Agricultural use, industrial use �Hydro electricity production �Formation of flood

Economic Benefits of river �Agricultural use, industrial use �Hydro electricity production �Formation of flood plains �Inland transportation �Water for domestic use

Lakes of India �Classification on the basis of the origin: Natural lakes-Glacial lakes (Dal

Lakes of India �Classification on the basis of the origin: Natural lakes-Glacial lakes (Dal lake), Lagoons(Pulicat lake), lakes formed due to inland drainage(Sambhar lake) Man made lakes-Nagarjuna Sagar, Nizam Sagar, Gobind sagar � Importance of the lakes: Have moderating effect on nearby area, unique aquatic life, source of water for irrigation and other uses, eco tourism.