Draft Internet History Japan Aug 28 2003 Kazunori

Draft Internet History - Japan Aug. 28, 2003 Kazunori Konishi 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

Objectives (1) Recording of the Pioneers’ efforts (2) Study on technical trend for investing the resources. (3) Lessons Learned from the History for the new problems; human nature will not change, though political or technical environments might face the big changes. =>> “Grass roots activities” should be based on human nature; ex. AP* activities. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

Big Picture in Japan Network/ Protocol 1970 Original Equipment Open /Device Source RFC (intel CPU) Carrier monopoly Protocol 1980 OSI, UUCP GW UUCP => IP 1990 Commercial, Laptop. PC, APAN, IPv 6 2000 Lambda network i-mode HDTV ALTQ IPv 6 DVTS Char Sets, MPLS, HDLC over SONET, FAX RTP-MPEG 4, RTP-DV, Wireless 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting Sticked to, but finally gave up OSI Over provision

History of International Networks aloha uucp net bitnet wide sinet apan future year 1980 1985 1989 1992 1998 2004? JP tohoku kddlab sut -u keio nii jst/sta Gov/WI DE US hawaii/ sprint nsf iu/nsf Gov/Do nation circuit NASA/ kddlab ibm kdd comm ents req by mpt 1985 seismo cuny volunt eer 1 st leased circuit jp/us gov/Do nation compa nies monbu jp/us /gov OSI by gov compu 1 st 10 G ter transit lambda centers service 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

ALOHAnet(1980) • Lead by Professor Norman Abramson @ U-Hawaii : origin of Ethernet • Coordinated at Pacific Telecommunications Council(PTC) • Professor Oizumi @ Tohoku-U joined the network. • NASA(KDD) donated the satellite circuit, recommended by MPT • KDD was rich, with the monopoly & high cost of the services. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

UUCPnet/Usenet(1985) • Operated by KDD Labs. on a volunteer basis. • PSTN & PSDN were used. • The partners became commercialized later on: UUnet, Eunet. • “Membership” allowed the operation over the public networks, without any license. • Limited resources were allocated, because OSI was promising in those days. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

BITNET(1985) • IBM donated the circuit & equipments, promoting SNA. • Science University of Tokyo(SUT) organized private universities. • The US power enabled to use the leased circuit without any license. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

WIDE(1989) • Jun Murai organized the large number of engineers at commercial companies & universities. (Murai had organized UUCP domestic network “JUNET”) • U-Hawaii’s PACCOM project organized AP regional networks. • Governments were still persistent in OSI, though they knew OSI was being defeated. (US Gov. also declared the adoption of OSI products) • Industries & Universities required the “illegal? ” activities of WIDE. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

SINET(1992) • Government was forced to adopt TCP/IP in addition to OSI. • OSI was the primary protocol for a while. • The big budget enabled the large membership. • A Ministry can use the leased circuit without any license; not hierarchy among governments. • Government is not so flexible. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

3 AI Network (1995) 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

APAN(1998) • NSF required the transit services over Trans. PAC link. • The owners of point-to-point links started the collaborated operations. • AP Regional networks were developed with a hub in Tokyo. • The institutions with advanced research projects are allowed to use Trans. PAC link. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

Over Provisioning of the bandwidth Cable in Asia Bandwidth Wide C 2 C 7. 68 Tbps Owners Sing. Tel APCN 2 2. 56 Tbps Many carriers EAC 2. 56 Tbps China Netcom Demand in Asia is roughly 10 Gbps now. Issue: How can we bridge the gap? Healthy business of telecom carriers should be protected. 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting

Number of RFCs by Japanese Year Number 1993 2 1994 0 1995 1 1996 1 1997 10 1998 3 1999 0 2000 8 2001 12 2001 6 2003 5 2003 Busan AP*Retreat Meeting