Draft For discussion only Stop the Killing Stop

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Draft – For discussion only Stop the Killing, Stop the Trafficking, Stop the Demand…

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Killing, Stop the Trafficking, Stop the Demand… Wildlife Trade in Asia – building an effective framework for WCS engagement For discussion Asia Program, May 2013 0

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade is the largest single threat to WCS

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade is the largest single threat to WCS Scapes and Species globally 1

Draft – For discussion only Our definition of wildlife trade encompasses the full trade

Draft – For discussion only Our definition of wildlife trade encompasses the full trade chain, from poaching to selling "Everything from the moment an animal is caught in a forest in Thailand or Gabon to its final point of consumption when it ends up on plate in Guangzhou or in a shop in New York. " Includes the act of hunting where the demand is from “outside”, including restaurants in the vicinity of a protected area that serve wild meat to an urban clientele, but excludes any form of “subsistence hunting” for local sale or consumption by local communities. 2

Draft – For discussion only Our goal in addressing wildlife trade At our core

Draft – For discussion only Our goal in addressing wildlife trade At our core we remain committed to the conservation of WCS Species and Scapes and so our wildlife trade related conservation goal is: to directly support the long-term conservation of WCS Scapes and/or Species through significantly reducing illegal trade in and demand for wildlife and related products in Asia. 3

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale - key

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale - key levels where we aim to intervene Stop the Killing Site Poaching Core Protected Areas Stop the Trafficking Landscape Criminal networks Transport nodes Picture Global transport Towns and villages in Where trade flows and around Scapes converge where middlemen international borders, buy and sell wildlife ports, airports Stop the Demand End point Sales Urban areas where products are sold to consumers At which of these levels does WCS currently have impact? Significant impact Some impact Isolated impact Limited impact 4

Stop the Killing Level 1 - The Site Draft – For discussion only Site

Stop the Killing Level 1 - The Site Draft – For discussion only Site Poaching Core Protected Areas Development of SMART a tool to help site managers better manage ranger enforcement patrols 5

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Trafficking Level 2 - The Landscape Criminal

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Trafficking Level 2 - The Landscape Criminal networks Towns and villages in and around scapes where middlemen buy and sell wildlife Creating local civil society partnerships to pioneer intelligence lead Wildlife Crime Units across Sumatra, Indonesia 6

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Trafficking Level 3 - The transport nodes

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Trafficking Level 3 - The transport nodes Transport nodes Global transport Where trade flows converge international borders, ports, airports Working with law enforcement partners to demonstrate “crime convergence” at a key Vietnamese border crossing 7

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Demand Level 4 - The end points

Draft – For discussion only Stop the Demand Level 4 - The end points End point Sales Urban areas where products are sold to consumers Using online social media tools in China to increase awareness of ivory trade issues 8

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale – Developing

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale – Developing a coordinated response Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point But these are on the whole isolated initiatives, managed at a country level without any regional coordination for sharing information and experiences, fundraising, or demonstrating the scale of our impacts. This continues to hinder our success, our potential to fundraise and our ability to engage with appropriate partners. The trade chains of many of our Scapes and Species are coordinated by a relatively small network of criminals across the region, but our response is poorly coordinated and patchy. We require a coordinated response to a coordinated threat. We envisage this to be realised through the identification of a series of coordinated interventions at the above scales along identified wildlife trade chains, from site to end point, developed specifically for individual Scapes and Species. 9

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale, an example

Draft – For discussion only Wildlife trade chain from poaching to sale, an example – Elephants and the ivory trade from Africa to Asia ? 10

Draft – For discussion only Breaking the Trade Chain… Stop the Killing Stop the

Draft – For discussion only Breaking the Trade Chain… Stop the Killing Stop the Demand Stop the Trafficking ort nod e s En d Lan nsp po i ape c s d Tra nt Site To disrupt and dismantle the criminal networks maintaining the trade chain we aim to pioneer new approaches, and strengthen and scale-up, existing, successful approaches as follows: 11

Draft – For discussion only Strengthen enforcement capacity Stop the Killing Site Stop the

Draft – For discussion only Strengthen enforcement capacity Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Strengthen enforcement capacity: Provide training, awareness raising and support to frontline enforcement staff to increase capacity to detect, deter and respond to wildlife crime. 1. Institutionalizing training programs into the curricula of key agencies 2. New technology for enforcement officers eg identification apps 12

Draft – For discussion only Improve efficiency of the legal process Stop the Killing

Draft – For discussion only Improve efficiency of the legal process Stop the Killing Site Stop the Demand Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes End point Improve efficiency of the legal process: Provide training, awareness-raising and support to judiciary, prosecutors, media. 1. Training programs focused on the above based on the model of the Indonesian WCU 91% 88% 64% 61% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Information Valid Responded Information Legal Process Sentenced WCU Indonesia successful prosecution ratio, against a national background of 5% 13

Draft – For discussion only Promote new partnerships Stop the Killing Site Stop the

Draft – For discussion only Promote new partnerships Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Build new partnerships: Form and facilitate new key partnerships both nationally and internationally to improve information flow into global law enforcement networks. 1. Formation of a WCS wildlife trade practitioner network, first regionally, then globally 2. Non traditional agencies – military, customs etc 3. Global agencies – UNODC, WCO, DHS 14

Draft – For discussion only Improve information and evidence gathering Stop the Killing Site

Draft – For discussion only Improve information and evidence gathering Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Improve information gathering: Supply and increase capacity in better use of information gathering techniques and investigative tools. 1. Training in professional investigative techniques 2. Use of professional intelligence analysis software eg i 2 3. Forensic tools eg ivory DNA 15

Draft – For discussion only Increase government and private sector commitment Stop the Killing

Draft – For discussion only Increase government and private sector commitment Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Scale up through increasing government and private sector commitment 1. Crime convergence approaches and synergies with other illegal activities 2. International trade agreements as levers for action (TPP, ASEAN+3 FTA etc) 3. Engaging major freight carriers and airlines 16

Draft – For discussion only Increase public commitment Stop the Killing Site Stop the

Draft – For discussion only Increase public commitment Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Scale up through increasing public commitment 1. Chinese social media platforms to increase public awareness and calls for action, and long-term reduce demand 17

Draft – For discussion only Increase transparency and accountability Stop the Killing Site Stop

Draft – For discussion only Increase transparency and accountability Stop the Killing Site Stop the Trafficking Landscape Transport nodes Stop the Demand End point Increase transparency and accountability: Establish monitoring systems to report and evaluate law enforcement performance and results. 1. SMART 2. Wildlife Crime Data. Base 3. Occupancy survey methodologies 18

Draft – For discussion only In each activity we will measure effectiveness and hold

Draft – For discussion only In each activity we will measure effectiveness and hold ourselves accountable Key indicators Enforcement capacity Increased enforcement rate response and case initiation ratios Efficiency of legal process Increased arrest, prosecution and sentencing ratios Building partnerships Increased amount of information submitted and exchanged between partners Information gathering Increased number of wildlife crimes detected Govt and private sector commitment Appropriate policies and regulations adopted and enforced Public commitment Targeted opinion-mapping Transparency and accountability Increased use of rigorous monitoring systems for adaptive management 19

Draft – For discussion only Making it happen, what is required… We believe the

Draft – For discussion only Making it happen, what is required… We believe the approach outlined in the framework above will allow us to: • Have short-term impact today on the Scapes and Species we care about by disrupting and dismantling illegal wildlife trade networks that involve relatively small groups of individuals. • Have disproportionate long-term impact tomorrow by increasing commitment from both public and government , and allowing scaling up of successful models regionally and globally. To do this we will require: • A long-term WCS ground-level commitment to the “trade chains approach”. • Bringing in new expertise (eg. criminal intelligence and investigation, social media etc). • Leveraging significant political support. • Leveraging significant new financial resources. 20