Dr Truong Thi Kim Chuyen What economic development

Dr. Truong Thi Kim Chuyen

What ‘economic development’ means? International patterns of resources and population Ø Ø Ø Economic development and the environment Sustainable development Three key resources: energy, cultivable land water Agricutural patterns and the food question International demographic patterns

International patterns of industry and finance Ø Patterns of international trade Ø Patterns of international finance and bussiness services Ø International trade and the debt trap Ø Patterns of international aid Interpretations of international inequality

Geography is about local variability within a general context.

GDP (Gross domestic product): is an estimate of the total value of all metarials, foodstuffs, goods and services that are produced by a coutry in a particular year. GNI (Gross national income): include the value of income from aboard – flows of profits or losses from overseas investments). PPP (purchasing power parity): measures how much of a common ‘market basket’ of goods and services each currency can purchase locally, including goods and services that are not traded internationally.

UN’s Millennium Development Goals: - Eradicate extreme hunger and powerty Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal healthy Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development.

Carrying capacity Ecological footprint

Direct corporate involvement in agricuture – Agribusiness – has been an inevitable outcome of the logic of specialization and economic of scale.

Four Asia “tiger”: Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan – have made remarkable progress up the world league table of exporters, with South Korea recording the most spectacular increase in manufacturing production. Export processing zones (EPZs)

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE DEBT TRAP Primary commodities Elasticity of demand Terms of trade Import substituation Dept trape Capital flight International Monetary Fund (IMF) OECD

The existence of a distinctive group of semiperipheral countries with intermadiate levels of living. This group includes very different types: resource-exporting countries, both recently and newly industrializing countries. The speed and intensity of changes in patterns of economic activity and development associated with the globalization of economic activity under the influence of the strategies of transnational corporations. The degree of dependency of peripheral countries created by inequalities in resources, trading relationships, access to financial resources and control of economic activity.