Dr Muhammad Hussain Afridi Assistant professor Diabetes and
Dr Muhammad Hussain Afridi Assistant professor Diabetes and Endocrinology
Objectives Definition of Hypothyroidism. Anatomy of Thyroid Physiology of Thyroid. Causes of Hypothyroidism Clinical features of Hypothyroidism
Thyroid Anatomy The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck. Thyroid lies below Adam's apple, along the front of the windpipe. The thyroid has two side lobes, connected by a bridge (isthmus) in the middle.
Thyroid Physiology. The thyroid gland produces the hormones L-thyroxine (T 4) and L-triiodothyronine (T 3), which regulate metabolic body processes, cellular respiration, total energy expenditure, growth and maturation of tissues, and turnover of hormones, substrates, and vitamins.
Hypothyroidism Causes Autoimmune disease. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disorder known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. . Over-response to hyperthyroidism treatment. . Thyroid surgery. . Radiation therapy. . Medications.
Clinical features of Hypothyroidism Fatigue. Weakness. Weight gain or increased difficulty losing weight. Coarse, dry hair. Dry, rough pale skin. Hair loss. Cold intolerance (you can't tolerate cold temperatures like those around you) Muscle cramps and frequent muscle aches.
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