Dr MAQSOOD AHMED MOHAMMED Lecturer In Microbiology S
Dr. MAQSOOD AHMED MOHAMMED Lecturer In Microbiology S. K. R. Govt. Degree College. Gudur, SPSR Nellore
MYCOPLASMA
The first member is isolated from bovine First Isolated by Nocard and Roux in 1898 They are highly pleomorphic ( No fixed size and shape) They lack cell wall precursors like Muramic acid and Diaminopimelic acid
The cells are bounded by trilaminar unit membrane containing sterol These organisms passes through membrane filters often Mistaken with Virus
MYCO: - Fungus like form of branching Filaments PLASMA: - Denoting Their plasticity of shape
PPLO ‘PLEURO PNEUMONIA LIKE ORGANISMS’
MOLLICUTES • All are grouped under Mollicutes • Literally Meaning soft skin • They contain following Families and Genera
Family : - Mycoplasmataceae • There are parasites • Require cholesterol or sterols as growth factors • Contain two genera • Mycoplasma , Ueraplasma
Mycoplasma: - utilizes Glucose or argenine but cannot split urea Ueraplasma: - hydrolyses urea
Family: Acholeplasmataceae • Mostly saprophytic • And do not require sterols as growth factors.
Family: Spiroplasmataceae Genus Spiroplasma • These are sterol dependent • These are helical in shape • These are parasites of arthropods and plants
Family : - Anaeroplasmataceae Genus Aneroplasma • These are strict anaerobs found in rumen of cattle and sheep
• Mycoplasma are Saprophytic and Parasitic • More than 100 species of Mycoplasma are know to cause diseases in variety of animals, mammals, insects and plants
MORPHOLOGY • They smallest free living microorganisms • They are the most pleomorphic • The occur as granules and filaments of various sizes
• The granules are coccoid, balloon, disk, ring or star shapes • The filaments are slender of varying length and show true branching
SEM of M. penetrans and M. iowae cells attached to glass. Dominika A. Jurkovic et al. J. Bacteriol. 2012; 194: 2877 -2883
CULTURAL CHARACTERS • They are generally facultative anaerobes • The grow better aerobic conditions • They can grow in liquid and solid media • They grow with in the temperature range of 22 -410 C • The parasites grow optimally at 35 – 37 0 C
MEDIA FOR CULTIVATION • Cultivation media should be enriched with 20 % horse or human serum and yeast extract • Serum is the source of cholesterol and lipids • Penicillin and thallium acetate are added as selective agents
COLONY CHARACTERS • Colonies appear in 2 -6 days • They are 10 to 600 µ in size • The colonies are typically bi phasic
• The colonies typically look like fried eggs consisting of central opaque granular growth area extending in to the depth of medium surrounded by a flat translucent peripheral zone • Colonies cannot be picked with loop • Sub culturing is done by cutting the agar block with colonies and rubbing it on fresh plate
TYPICAL MYCOPLASMA COLONY WITH CLASSICAL FRIED EGG MORPHOLOGY Source: www. Bionique. com , https: //www. elitechgroup. com
• Colonies may be seen with hand lenses • By staining with Dienes method • A block of agar containing colony is cut and placed on a slide covered with cover slip and dried to which alcoholic methylene blue and Azure
COLONIES AFTER STAINING WITH DIENES METHOD https: //www. britannica. com/science/bacteria/images-videos
• Multiplication is by Binary fission • Genomic replication and cell division ar asynchronous • Budding form and chains of beads are formed
MYCOPLASMA OF HUMANS Established pathogen M. Pneumoniae causing Pneumonia
Preseumed Pathogens M. hominies and U. urealyticum associated with genital infections
Non Pathogens M. orale, M. buccale, M. salivarium, M. faucium In oropharynx, M. fermentas, M. genitalium, M. penetrans, M. primatum, M. spermatophilum Saprophytic Acholeplasam lidlawii on skin and in mouth
Mycoplasma and HIV infection Mycoplasma tend to cause more severe and prolonged infection in HIV infected and other immune deficient subjects
Mycoplasma as a cell culture contaminant Cell cultures maintained continuously have found to be contaminated with different species of Mycoplasma Contamination typically originating from workers, animal sera, trypsin etc
TREATMENT Tetracycline and Erythromycin are drug of choice for treatment of mycoplasma infection
DONE
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