DR I SELVARAJ SOCIOLOGY n STUDY OF SOCIAL

DR. I. SELVARAJ

SOCIOLOGY n STUDY OF SOCIAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVOUR DEVOTED TO SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, STUDY OF CULTURAL FACTORS AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH ILLNESS, AND THE SOCIAL PRINCIPLES IN MEDICAL ORGANISATION AND TREATMENT – Charles Mclntire 1894

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY n n n social epidemiology to practice social medicine to study cultural factors and social relation to study social factors of family, society, and government about health or disease to study social principles in medical organisation and treatment to study social problems to study social security

Social epidemiology is defined as the “study of the social distribution and social determinants of states of health” The aim of social epidemiology is to identify socio environmental exposures that may be related to physical and mental health outcomes. The principal concern of social epidemiology is the study of how society and social organization influence the health and standard of living of individuals and populations.

SOCIAL MEDICINE n THE STUDY OF MEDICAL NEEDS OR MEDICAL CARE OF THE SOCIETY WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

TYPES OF SURVEY n n EPIDEMIOLGICAL SURVEY SOCIAL SURVEY

NEED FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIOLGY/ MEDICAL SOCIOLGY • RAPID TRANSFORMATION (IMPACT OF WEST) • JOINT FAMILY DISINTEGRATION • STRENGTH OF BOND OF MARRIAGE IS WANING • BROKEN HOMES • LINQUALISM, CASTEISM, REGIONALISM • LUST FOR POWER • WIDE CORRUPTION • UNEMPLOYMENT • URBANISATION • CONFUSION IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Socio-economic Conditions And Health n n n ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION OCCUPATION POLITICAL SYSTEM HOUSING EMPLOYMENT POVERTYAND AFFLUENCE ILLITRACY AND IGNORENCE TRAVEL INDUSTRILIZATION FOOD HABITS TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE

INDUSTRIALISATION • PER CAPITA INCOME • ECONOMIC PROGRESS • STANDARD OF LIVING • URBAN SLUM • OVER CROWDING • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION • SOCIAL PROBLEMS • ELIMINATE CASTE DISTINCTION • MORE NUCLEAR FAMILY

TYPES OF MEDICAL SERVICE n CAPITALIST COUNTRY n STATE MEDICINE INSURANCE MEDICINE CHARITY MEDICINE And Private medicine n SOCIALIST COUNTRY n Socialized medicine n n n

COMMUNITY n COMMUNITY IS A HUMAN POPULATION LIVING WITHIN A LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND CARRYING ON A COMMON INTERDEPENDENT LIFE - LUNDBERG

URBAN COMMUNITY n n n NAMELESSNESS HOMELESSNESS CLASS EXTREME SOCIAL HETEROGENESITY SOCIALDISTANCE EMOTIONAL TENSION AND INSECURITY

RURAL COMMUNITY n n n COMMUNITY CONCIOUSNESS ROLE OF NEIGHBOURHOOD JOINT FAMILY FAITH IN RELIGION SIMPLICITY

RURAL – URBAN DIFFERENCES n n n n JOINT FAMILY n LESS OF LOVE MARRIAGE n WOMEN LITTERACY IS n LESS NEIGHBOURHOOD IS n IMPORTANT SENSE OF WE FEELING n IS MUCH STRONGER n SOCIAL INTERACTION IS PERSONNEL n RURAL CULTURE IS CONSERVATIVE NUCLEAR FAMILY MORE OF DIVORCE WOMEN LITTERACY IS HIGH IT IS NOT IMPORTANT IT IS NOT SEEN SOCIAL INTERACTION IS IMPERSONEL CITY CULTURE IS COSMOPOLITAN

URBAN PROBLEMS • URBAN SLUMS • PAVEMENT DWELLERS • UNEMPLOYMENT • ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITY • POVERTY • CRIME • MENTAL ILLNESS • DELINQUENCY • BEGGING • PROSTITUTION • POPULATION GROWTH • POLITICAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNREST • ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT • AND POLLUTION

MAJOR RURAL PROBLEMS • MALNUTRITION UNDER 5 YEAR CHILDREN • ILLITRACY • CHILD LABOUR • SCHOOL DROPOUT • POOR TRANSPORT • POOR COMMUNICATION • INADEQUATE WATER FOR CULTIVATION • ELECTRICITY PROBLEMS • LABOUR PROBLEMS • BONDED LABOURER

FAMILY n Family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption; constituting a single household, interacting and inter-communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister creating a common culture – Burgess and locke

FAMILY n n n BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY PRIMARY UNIT OF THE SOCIETY BIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY CULTURAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT OF THE SOCIETY

TEMPORARY SOCIAL GROUP n n n THE CROWD THE MOB THE HERD

PERMANENT SOCIAL GROUP n n n THE BAND THE VILLAGE THE TOWN THE CITY THE STATE

TYPE OF FAMILY n n n n PATRIARCHAL FAMILY MATRIARCHAL FAMILY NUCLEAR FAMILY EXTENDED NUCLEAR FAMILY JOINT FAMILY THREE GENERATION FAMILY MATRILOCAL FAMILY PATRILOCAL FAMILY n n n n n MONOGAMOUS FAMILY POLY ANDROUS FAMILY MATRILINEAR FAMILY PATRILINEAR FAMILY ENDOGAMOUSFAMILY EXOGAMOUS FAMILY BROKEN FAMILY PROBLEM FAMILY

FAMILY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE n n CHILD REARING SOCIALIZATION PERSONALITY FORMATION CARE OF DEPENDENTS

SOCIAL FUNCTION OF FAMILY n n n n REGULATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND REPRODUCTION CARE AND TRAINING OF CHILDREN ECONOMIC RECREATION PROTECTIVE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

ROLE OF FAMILY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS n n n SOMATIC SYMPTOMS INCREASES TENSION AMONG THE FAMILY MEMBERS CHRONIC ILLNESS AND COMPLICATED ILLNESS IS DETERMINTEL TO THE FAMILY FUNCTIONING FAMILY PRESTIGE IS AFFECTED BY MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD THE FAMILY WILL OFFER REMEDIES AND ADVICE TO TAKE OVER THE ROLL OF THE ILL PERSON WHEN HE/SHE IS NO LONGER CAPABLE OF PERFORMING IT WILL PROVIDE CARE UNTIL RECOVERY AND LONG TERM SUPPORT

FAMILY AND DISEASE n HEMOPHILIA, COLOUR BLINDNESS, DM, and MENTAL ILLNESS n TB, SCABIES, COMMON COLD MEASLES, CHICKEN-POX, DIARRHOEA, DYSENTRY, and ENTERIC FEVER n CONGENITAL MALFORMATION

FAMILY CYCLE n n STAGE OF FORMATION STAGE OF GROWTH STAGE OF RETRACTION STAGE OF DISINTEGRATION

THE SECRET OF HEALTH LIES IN THE HOMES OF THE PEOPLE – Florence Nightingale

SOCIAL PROBLEMS • ANY DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN A DISAPPROVED DIRECTION OF SUCH A DEGREE THAT IS EXCEEDED THE TOLERANCE LIMIT OF THE COMMUNITY - LUNDBERG

SOCIAL PROBLEM • PROSTITUTION • THE DISABLED • POVERTY • JUVENILE DELINQUENCY • UNEMPLOYMENT • ALCOHOLISM • WOMENS EMPLOYMENT • CHILD LABOUR • STREET CHILDREN • SOCIAL PROBLEM OF WORKERS

PROSTITUTION • A PROSTITUTE IS AN INDIVIDUAL, MALE OR FEMALE, WHO FOR SOME KIND OF REWARD, MONETARY OR OTHERWISE, OR FOR SOME FORM OF PERSONAL SATISFACTION AS A PART OR WHOLE TIME PROFESSION, ENGAGES IN NORMAL OR ABNORMAL SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH VARIOUS PERSONS, WHO MAY BE OF THE SAME SEX OR THE OPPOSITE SEX, TO THE PROSTITUTE – G. R. SCOTT

CONSTITUENTS OF PROSTITUTION • ILLICIT AND PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL INTER COURSE • MERCENARY BASIS WHETHER IN CASH OR IN KIND • LACK OF AFFECTION OR PERSONNEL INTEREST

TYPES OF PROSTITUTE n n n n THE CALL GIRL THE STREET WALKER BAR PROSTITUTION PROSTITUTES OF THE BROTHEL CAMP FOLLOWERS INTER RACIAL PROSTITUTES THE FLEABAG DANCE HALL PROSTITUTES n n n BEAT PROSTITUTES ELDERLY PROSTITUTES GIMMICK PROSTITUTES FRICATRICE PROSTITUTES CHILD PROSTITUTES

FACTORS FOR PROSTITUTIONS • PREDISPOSING FACTORS • ATTRACTIVE FACTORS • PRECIPITATING FACTORS • ECONOMIC FACTORS • SOCIAL FACTORS • PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS • BIOLOGICAL FACTORS • RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL FACTORS

CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION IN MALES • THE UNMARRIED • THE WIDOWERS/DIVORCED

PROBLEMS OF PROSTITUTION • TRAFFICKING IS AN OFFENCE • HOODLUMS AND POLICE EXTRACT MONEY • TRANSMISSION OD S. T. D/HIV • PROSTITUTES ARE MURDERED WITH AN OVER DOSE OF HEROIN

PREVENTION OF PROSTITUTION • RESCUE HOME AND SHELTER • IMMORAL TRAFFICK ACT • SOCIAL CONTROL OF S. T. D/ HIV • LICENCE • SKILLED TRAINING AND PLACEMENT OF JOB IN SHELTERED WORKSHOP • WELFARE MEASURES FOR THE CHILDREN OF PROSTITUTES

No one is born as street kids in the real sense of the word. It is the society and the evils of the systems that shapes the children into street children…

SOCIAL DEFENCE n n n THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2001 THE CHILD LABOUR ACT, 1986 THE IMMORAL TRAFFIC ACT, 1956 THE DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT, 1961 THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROP SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985

CULTURE n IT IS DEFINED AS LEARNED BEHAVIOUR WHICH HAS BEEN SOCIALLY ACQUIRED

CULTURAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE n n n n PERSONAL HYGIENE NUTRITION IMMUNISATION SEEKING EARLY MEDICAL CARE FAMILY PLANNING CHILD REARING DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA & REFUSE

SOCIAL SECURITY • SOCIAL SECURITY IS THE GUARANTEE THAT THE STATE GIVES TO SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS (WHO MAY OR MAY NOT BE REQUIRED TO PAY MONTHLY PREMIA) BY VIRTUE OF WHICH THEY RECEIVE, IN TIMES OF CRISES, FREE REMEDIAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES.

Social security act n n n n W. C. A 1923/ FACTORY ACT 1948 E. S. I, ACT 1948 C. G. H. S 1963 STATE OLD AGE PENSION ACT EMPLOYEE’S PROVIDENT FUND ACT PAYMENT OF GRADUITY ACT 1972 MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT BONUS SCHEME ACT

SOCIAL CONTROL • IT IS THE SUM OF THOSE METHODS BY WHICH A SOCIETY TRIES TO INFLUENCE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TO MAINTAIN A GIVEN ORDER - MANHEIM

SOCIAL CONTROL • STABILITY OF SOCIAL GROUP • COMMUNITY RELATION • AND SHARED VALUES

NEED OF SOCIAL CONTROL • TO MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER • TO ESTABLISH A SOCIAL UNITY • TO REGULATE OR CONTROL INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR • TO CHECK CULTURAL MAL- ADJUSTMENT

MEANS OF SOCIAL CONTROL • INFORMAL MEANS • FORMAL MEANS

INFORMAL MEANS • BELIEF • SOCIAL SUGGESTION • IDEOLOGIES • FOLKWAYS • MORES

FORMAL MEANS • LAW • EDUCATION • COERCION

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH • INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY • COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY • THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY • INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY