Dr Claes Bengtsson Global Product Manager Reactors Power

Dr. Claes Bengtsson, Global Product Manager, Reactors. Power. Gen Europe June 2010 Variable Shunt Reactors Optimize Transmission Systems © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 1

Matured products ? ? © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 2 § Is transformer- and shunt reactor technology matured? § Some basics around reactive power compensation § New opportunities in reactive power compensation § Applications and benefits

Voltage at line end increases at low load P 2, Q 2 U 1 U 2 Q Voltage profile at no or low load (P 2), ”Ferranti effect” 1, 0 pu U 1 © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 3 U 2

The shunt reactor stabilize the system voltage P 2, Q 2 U 1 U 2 Q Voltage profile at no or low load (P 2), with connected SR 1, 0 pu U 1 U 2 The shunt reactor consumes reactive power generated by the transmission line © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 4

The shunt reactor stabilize the system voltage P 2, Q 2 U 1 U 2 Q Voltage profile at no or low load (P 2), with connected SR 1, 0 pu U 1 U 2 Switching in the reactor gives a step change in the voltage on the transmission line © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 5

The voltage profile is load dependent (R) + X U 1 P 2, Q 2 U 2 Q Increased load (P 2), voltage profile with connected SR 1, 0 pu U 1 © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 6 U 2

Fundamental challenge © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 7 § The is an optimum reactor rating at a certain load § Load varies with time § Seasonal variations § Daily variations § Shunt Reactors are by tradition fixed in rating § Switching fixed reactors in and out leads to § Voltage steps § Wear on breakers § Non-optimal compensation

ABB is the world leader on HV shunt reactors § >1000 reactors delivered to >40 countries § Complete range § § § <800 k. V, <300 Mvar § Full 3 -phase testing capabilities Outstanding performance § Field reliability § Low sound and vibrations Leading the technology development § § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 8 World’s largest 3 -phase reactors (300 Mvar) So why selling static reactors when the need of reactive power compensation is dynamic?

There are new solutions today § A new product class: Variable Shunt Reactors § VSR provides dynamic compensation of reactive power § § Regulation range around 100% 50 -100 Mvar) § Ratings up to 200 Mvar, 500 k. V ABB is the world leader for VSRs § So far 16 VSRs sold to US, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Africa § The world’s largest VSR now in safe operation § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 9 (e. g. 120 -200 Mvar, 400 k. V

VSR applications: Wind parks § Unpredictable and fluctuating active power exchange § The variations in reactive power consumption with varying wind-power production require control: § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 10 § SVC § Regulated shunt reactor § Switched shunt reactor Grid codes specify the amount of reactive power exchanged with the main grid

VSR applications: Large and long cable networks § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 11 Large and long AC cable networks in EHV network systems, e. g. USA and Italy. § Extended use of cables put higher demand on reactive power compensation § Daily and season load variation in highly populated areas § Power quality is important

VSR applications: Daily load variations in regular networks § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 12 Transmission systems with time variation of load, generation and power exchange with other networks § Interaction with other types of installations, e. g. SVCs, HVDC transmission links § Controllability of the system increase in importance or is uncertain § Increased demands on flexibility § Power quality is important

Summary of VSR benefits © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 13 § Reduced voltage jumps during switching operation § Voltage stability at varying loads § Flexibility for new future load conditions § Improved interaction with other equipment § Coarse tuning of SVC equipment for best dynamical operation § Reactive power compensation related to loading of HVDC links (a HVDC converter consumes reactive power) § No parallel fixed reactors, reduction of number of breakers, reduced footprint and maintenance § Flexible spare unit possibility and flexibility to move a VSR to other location

Conclusions § Transmission networks have time varying loads § Transmission networks have time varying needs for compensation of reactive power § VSR is a new product type that provides this § Do we know the load- and generation patterns of tomorrow? § © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 14 A shunt reactor with fixed rating have a life time of 30+ years. . .

Gallery 120 -200 Mvar, 400 k. V Statnett, Norway 50 -100 Mvar, 242 k. V Dominion, USA Active part 50 -100 Mvar, 242 k. V © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 15

Why to be careful when buying a reactor? © ABB Group 22 November 2020 | Slide 17 § It should withstand the load of 40 cars, applied 100 times per second for 30 years continuous without rattling and high noise § Long time field reliability is a key issue § Shunt reactors are difficult