Dr Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA CILIARY GANGLION
Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim
PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA • • CILIARY GANGLION SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION OTIC GANGLION SPHENOPALATINE GANGLION
CILIARY GANGLION • SITE: in the fat between optic nerve & lateral rectus muscle • NUCLEUS: Edinger Westphal of occulomotor (midbrain) • PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS: along occulomotor through nerve to inferior oblique • POSTGANGLIONC FIBERS: along short ciliary nerves to sphincter pupillae & ciliary muscles
CILIARY GANGLION SHORT CILIARY NERVES: • Number: 8 – 10 • Destination: connect ciliary ganglion to eyeball • Type of fibers: 1. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to sphincter pupillae & ciliary muscles 2. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from internal carotid plexus (pass through ganglion without relay) to eyeball 3. Sensory fibers from eyeball (pass through ganglion without relay) to nasociliary nerve
SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION • SITE: superficial to hyoglossus muscle, muscle below lingual nerve, connected to lingual nerve by posterior & anterior roots • NUCLEUS: superior salivatory nucleus (pons) • PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS: along chorda tympani of facial nerve → joins lingual nerve → posterior root → ganglion • POSTGANGLIONC FIBERS: 1. Pass directly to submandibular gland 2. Pass along anterior root → lingual nerve → sublingual gland
OTIC GANGLION • SITE: just below foramen ovale, deep to trunk of mandibular nerve • NUCLEUS: inferior salivatory nucleus (medulla) • PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS: along lesser petrosal branch of tympanic of glossopharyngeal nerve → passes through foramen ovale to reach the ganglion • POSTGANGLIONC FIBERS: along auriculotemporal nerve → secretomotor fibers to parotid gland
PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • SITE: in the pterygopalatine fossa, fossa below maxillary nerve, connected to it by 2 ganglionic branches • NUCLEUS: lacrimatory nucleus (pons) • PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS: along greater petrosal branch of facial nerve → joins deep petrosal (postganglionic sympathetic fibers) → both nerves form nerve to pterygoid canal → ganglion
PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION • POSTGANGLIONC FIBERS: 1. Along ganglionic branches → maxillary nerve → zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve → zygomaticotemporal nerve → lacrimal gland 2. Along greater & lesser palatine branches → palatine glands 3. Along nasal branches → nasal glands
PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION N. B. : • Taste fibers from soft palate pass along lesser palatine nerve → ganglion (without relay) → nerve to pterygoid canal → greater petrosal nerve • Sensory fibers from nose, palate & pharynx pass along nasal, palatine & pharyngeal branches of ganglion → ganglion (without relay) → ganglionic branches → maxillary nerve • Sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal nerve → ganglion (without relay) → orbital branches → orbitalis muscle
CERVICAL PART OF SYMPATHETIC TRUNK • Beginning: At the base of the skull, as the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion • Termination: It passes in front of the neck of first rib, and becomes continuous with the thoracic part of sympathetic trunk • Course and relations: 1. It descends, behind the carotid sheath (separating it from common carotid artery), and in front of prevertebral fascia (separating it from longus colli muscle). 2. It has three ganglia (superior, middle and inferior)
THE SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION It is the largest ganglion • Site: It lies below the skull, in front of C 2 & C 3 vertebrae • Branches: 1. Gray rami communicantes: to upper 4 cervical nerves 2. Vascular: internal & external carotid plexus. 3. Visceral: pharyngeal & cardiac
• • • 1. THE MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION It is the smallest ganglion Site: It lies in front of C 6 vertebra Branches: Gray rami communicantes: to upper C 5 & C 6 nerves 2. Vascular: inferior thyroid plexus & ansa subclavia (it forms a loop around subclavian artery then joins the inferior ganglion 3. Visceral: tracheal, oesophageal & cardiac
THE INFERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION • • • 1. 2. 3. It is also called: cervico-thoracic or stellate ganglion Site: It lies in front of the neck of first rib Branches: Gray rami communicantes: to C 7 & C 8 nerves Vascular: vertebral and subclavian plexus Visceral: cardiac
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