DPT 202 THERMOFLUID School of Manufacturing Engineering FLUID

DPT 202 THERMOFLUID School of Manufacturing Engineering FLUID MECHANICS

COURSE CONTENT & COURSE OUTCOMES COURSE CONTENT Chapter 7: Fluid Mechanics Define, explain and calculate pressure and its variation in a stationary gas and liquid, stand atmosphere. Explain and illustrate description of fluid motion, Euler equation, incompressible flow, Bernoulli equation and basic type of flow. COURSE OUTCOMES CO 3: Ability to apply the basic principles of fluid mechanic and analyse the fluid mechanic problem in a selected area of study. . DPT 202 THERMO-FLUID

Chapter 10, 11, 12, 14: Fluid Mechanics Self Reading Assignment: Topic Title Page No. 10 -1 Classification of Fluid Flow 464 10 -5 Viscosity 470 10 -6 Surface Tension and Capillary Effect 475 11 -4 Buoyancy Force 496 12 -2 Bernoulli Equation • Limitation of Bernoulli Equation 525 530 12 -3 Application of Bernoulli Equation 534 12 -4 Energy Analysis of Steady Flow System 541 12 -1 Mechanical Energy and Efficiency 520 14 -2 Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flows 607

Bernoulli Equation The Bernoulli equation is concerned with the conservation of kinetic, potential, and flow energies of a fluid stream, and their conversion to each other in regions of flow where net viscous forces are negligible, and where other restrictive conditions apply. The sum of the kinetic, potential, and flow energies of a fluid particle is constant along a streamline during steady flow when the compressibility and frictional effects are negligible. FIGURE 5– 25 The Bernoulli equation states that the sum of the kinetic, potential, and flow energies of a fluid particle is constant along a streamline during steady flow.

Bernoulli Equation (continue) This is the famous Bernoulli equation, which is commonly used in fluid mechanics for steady, incompressible flow along a streamline in inviscid regions of flow. The value of the constant can be evaluated at any point on the streamline where the pressure, density, velocity, and elevation are known. The Bernoulli equation can also be written between any two points on the same streamline as

Limitations on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation 1. Steady flow, The first limitation on the Bernoulli equation is that it is applicable to steady flow. 2. Frictionless flow, Every flow involves some friction, no matter how small, and frictional effects may or may not be negligible. In general, frictional effects are negligible for short flow sections with large cross sections, especially at low flow velocities. 3. No shaft work, The Bernoulli equation was derived from a force balance on a particle moving along a streamline. Therefore, the Bernoulli equation is not applicable in a flow section that involves a pump, turbine, fan, or any other machine or impeller since such devices destroy the streamlines and carry out energy. 4. Incompressible flow, One of the assumptions used in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation is that ρ (density) is constant and thus the flow is incompressible.

Limitations on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation (continue) 5. No heat transfer The density of a gas is inversely proportional to temperature, and thus the Bernoulli equation should not be used for flow sections that involve significant temperature change such as heating or cooling sections. 6. Flow along a streamline Strictly speaking, the Bernoulli equation P/ρ + V 2/2 + gz is constant is applicable along a streamline, and the value of the constant C, in general, is different for different streamlines.

Application of the Bernoulli Equation

Application of the Bernoulli Equation