Downloaded from www avhf com HOW TO AVOID
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Downloaded from www. avhf. com
HOW TO AVOID A GEAR-UP LANDING Presented By Larry Enlow Aviation Safety Inspector Federal Aviation Administration Orlando Flight Standards District Office Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ORLANDO FSDO-15 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY 1998 1999 2000 2001 TOTAL ACC. & INC. 185 TOTAL GEAR-UP 35 TOTAL TRAINING A & I 60 TRAINING GEAR-UP 17 TNG. GEAR-UP WITH CFI 11 176 26 38 10 10 147 19 24 4 4 141 11 28 9 9 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WHY DO GEAR-UPS OCCUR ? SUPERFICIAL CAUSE: DISTRACTION OR NO CHECKLIST REAL CAUSE: INADEQUATE FLIGHT TRAINING IN RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
DEFICIENCY IN FLIGHT TRAINING CAN BE RESOLVED BY MODIFYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS USED DURING INITIAL AND RECURRENT RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING OPERATIONS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN EXTRAORDINARILY VALUABLE SET OF RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES THAT WILL PREVENT A GEAR-UP LANDING Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS PRIORITIZATION AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE EMPHASIZED BY CFI Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY” POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO FIX IN THE MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
FIXED DISTANCE MARKERS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR SELECTED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: BASE: 2 ND GEAR Downloaded from www. avhf. com DOWN CHECK
SECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASE Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR BASE: 2 ND GEAR SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR Downloaded from www. avhf. com DOWN CHECK
FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR BASE: 2 ND GEAR SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR DOWN CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR SELECTED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2 ND GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2 ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2 ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2 ND GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2 ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2 ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS VISUAL APPROACHES BASE ENTRIES STRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALS “WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR GEAR DOWN” Downloaded from www. avhf. com
POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL: FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
FINAL GEAR CHECK Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR SELECTED UP Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR SELECTED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR IN TRANSIT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AIRCRAFT, THEN IDENTIFY AND VERIFY EACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING IT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? l HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? l HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ? l Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS l l l HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR PUMP FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES PARTIAL EXTENSION Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE l l l TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED Downloaded from www. avhf. com
GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE l l l FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH UNLATCH CABIN DOOR EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS l TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? • IDENTIFY AND VERIFY l DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN • TRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS l RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION • CFI BE READY l ARE YOU FIT TO FLY • FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUMMARY APPLY SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY TO RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUMMARY DEVELOP AND USE POSITIONAL IMPRINTING APPLY SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SUMMARY EVALUATE ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS MAKE SURE FIT TO YOU’RE FLY Downloaded from www. avhf. com
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THREE GREEN Downloaded from www. avhf. com