Doppler Effect Spectra and Big Bang Theory The

Doppler Effect, Spectra, and Big Bang Theory

The Doppler Effect What is the Doppler Effect?

Doppler Effect

Doppler Effect Simulation From the train (or if the train is stationary) Moving Train

From inside the car making the noise From the side of the road From the car going opposite direction

Doppler effect: change in the wavelength or frequency of a wave due to motion between the source of the wave and observer of the wave. Wave change due to movement

Big Bang/Doppler

The Doppler Effect CHANGES waves (frequency)

C 4 U • Define the Doppler Effect in your own words

Light waves

Roy G. Biv

Roy G. Biv = White Light White light from the sun is actually many different colors mixed together!

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Blue shift: source moving toward you – Wave getting squished/compressed/shorter Red shift: source moving away – Wave getting stretched out/longer

Red shift: move away (stretch) Blue shift: move toward (squish) Big shift = more movement

Spectra How do spectra help scientists learn about stars?

Joseph Fraunhofer • Poor, orphaned, semi-enslaved, died young due to toxic chemical exposure • Discovered that a rainbow in not 100% full • Small, black absorption lines are found throughout the sun’s light

50 years later, light lines from electrified elements found to match Spectra Lines: patterns of light that tell us what is making the light i. e. Elements

Each element has specific patterns like a fingerprint Spectra tell us what elements make light! Helium (He) Mercury (Hg) Uranium (U)

Spectra from different elements

Using the Doppler Effect, and spectral line 'fingerprints, ' you can tell if a light source is moving toward or away from you! (and how fast)

C 4 U • Name two (2) things can you learn about star light by looking at it closely.

The Big Bang Theory (not the show) EQ: What evidence is there for the Big Bang?

Inference vs. Evidence

Inference vs. Evidence: Facts or observations in support

Inference vs. Evidence: Facts or observations in support -people are running

Inference vs. Evidence: Facts or observations in support -people are running -building is made of brick

Inference vs. Evidence: Facts or observations in support -people are running -building is made of brick -sign in Arabic? (even if not confident, still evidence)

Inference vs. Evidence Inference: Truth drawn from evidence

Inference vs. Evidence Inference: Truth drawn from what is supposed to be true -people are scared

Inference vs. Evidence Inference: Truth drawn from what is supposed to be true -people are scared -it is cold outside

Inference vs. Evidence Inference: Truth drawn from what is supposed to be true -people are scared -it is cold outside -a bomb exploded

C 4 U • Give a piece of evidence and an inference about me.

What is the Big Bang Theory? The Universe began in one tiny place, then burst out and grew

Hypothesis vs. Theory • Theory = Well-tested explanation, backed by evidence • Hypothesis = untested idea of what will happen in an experiment

Evidence for Big Bang 1. All galaxies are Red Shifted!

Evidence for Big Bang All galaxies are Red Shifted! -The farther a galaxy, the more the red shift

Evidence for Big Bang All galaxies are Red Shifted! -The farther a star, the more the red shift -Rewind the clock: things come together!

Evidence for Big Bang 1. All stars are Red Shifted! -The farther a star, the more the red shift -Rewind the clock: things come together! 2. Cosmic Background Radiation -Constant (microwave) energy found everywhere in space, left over from the Big Bang

Evidence for Big Bang ?

Evidence for Big Bang Theory

After the big bang • Universe forms and is created as it continues to expand, even today • Elements created, mostly Hydrogen, some Helium, Lithium, Beryllium • Matter collected in galaxies, which are large groups of stars

C 4 U • Give a piece of evidence for the Big Bang Theory

Mini Quiz 1. What is a theory? 2. Why is the Big Bang Theory accepted? 3. What are spectra? 4. What is the Doppler Effect?