Doping drugs Definition Word doping originally came from

Doping drugs

Definition Word doping originally came from southern africa. it’s an alchoholic drink use to increase power of local people in dancing ceremonies.

Scandals of doping

testosterone

Whicky (diuretic)

anabolic steroid

diuretic

Wold Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Goals Protection of athletes health Respect for both medical and sport ethics Equality for all competing athletes

SIX TYPES OF DOPING DRUGS Stimulants Masking agents Narcotic analgesics Beta-2 agonists Anabolic agents Peptide hormones

Stimulants can stimulate the body • both mentally and physically, by acting on the central nervous system. increase : • alertness – physical activity – heart rate – breathing rates – brain functions. – Have similar chemical strucrture to adernline and noradernaline In athletes improve speed , endurance • •

Amphetamine (injection, tablet, crystalline powder) Metamphetamin Cocaine (injection, powder, tablets) stimulants Ephedrine Modafinil (tablets, capsules, herbal form) (tablet, pill) Adrafinil (tablet, pill)

Stimulants side effects Increased heart rate , high BP , cardiac irregularities Insomnia, Anxiety, Tremor, Aggressiveness, loss of appetite. Inhibited judgement / decision making. Amphetamines: Anxiety, ventricular dysrhythmias, hypertension , hallucinations , addiction, death Ephedrine: Anxiety, ventricular dysrhythmias, hypertension , hallucinations , addiction

Narcotic analgesics painkillers that act on the brain and spinal cord to treat pain Narcotic analgesics could be used to reduce or eliminate the pain felt from an injury or illness, allowing them to continue in their training Narcotics have no ergogenic or performance enhancing qualities. The danger is that the drug could merely be masking the pain. so, athletes may have a false sense of security, and by continuing to train and compete, risk further health problems.

Narcotic analgesics Buprenorphine Dextromoramide Heroin Morphine pethidine

Narcotic analgesics side effect Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Addiction Hypotension Drowsiness Mood disturbances

Anabolic agents Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) • are man made versions of testosterone the male sex hormone. They increase protein synthesis within cells and build up of cellular tissues (anabolism) specially in muscles. Athletes and body builders take anabolic steroids to make their muscles bigger and stronger. The drug also keeps their energy high so they can train longer and harder without getting tired and sore.

Anabolic Androgenic Agents (injection, capsules, cream, lotion) Stanozolol (tablets, injection) Norandrosterone (injection) Nandrolone (injection) Dehydroepiandrosterone/DHEA (capsules, chewing gum, drops that are placed under the tongue, creams) Androstenedione /Andro (capsules)

Testosterone usa

PEPTIDE HORMONES substances that are produced • by glands in the body and affect other organs and tissue changes bodily functions growth, behaviour and sensitivity to pain. stimulate the production of hormones – increase muscle growth and strength – increase the production of red blood cells to – improve the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

Erythropoietin (EPO) Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Insulin Peptide hormones

Peptide hormones side effects Erythropoietin (EPO) Human Growth Hormone (GH) Insulin (1) Thickening of the blood clots (increases blood viscosity) • (2) Increased the risk of heart attacks, myocardial infarction and strokes, pulmonary embolism • (1) Overgrowth of hand, feet and face (Acromegaly) • (2) Heart diseases • (3) May develop resistance to long-term use • (4) Carpal tunnel syndrome • (1) Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) • (2) Nausea, weakness, shortness of breath • (3) Drowsiness, coma, • (4)increased sweating. •

Beta-2 agonists used to treat asthma by relaxing the muscles that surround the airway and opening up the air passages. They can act like stimulant or, if Administered into the bloodstream, have anabolic effects. increase muscle size and reduce body fat Examples: bambuterol hydrochloride, reproterol hydrochloride, tulobuterol hydrochloride

Palpitation dizziness Headache Side effects Muscle cramp Nausea

Masking agents are products that can hide the • presence of a banned substance in an athlete's urine or other sample to cover up their doping examples: epitestosterone, diuretics • Diuretics also use to • reduce weight quickly(important in sport weight – categories) Reduce conentration of drugs in the urine –

PROHIBITED METHODS OF DOPING BLOOD DOPIN G GENE DOPIN G

BLOOD DOPING (Injection of red blood cells) Remove and store afew liters of blood before the games Increase the number of red blood cells Body replace the lost blood Return the stored blood to their bodies before the competition Increase in athlete’s endurance

Blood doping side effects Allergic reaction (rash, fever, shock, etc) Transmission of infectious diseases (viral hepatitis and AIDS) Acute hemolytic reactions with kidney damage if incorrectly typed blood is used Overload of the circulatory system & blood clots Metabolic shock.

Gene doping gene doping, in the future, used by athletes in an attempt to improve the function of normal healthy cells. One scenario is the use of genes which produce the hormone IGF -1, transported into the cells and causing the body to produce higher levels of IGF-1, important in the growth and development of musculoskeletal structures This would be especially beneficial in injured athletes to speed the repair of muscles, tendons, ligaments etc.