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“Don’t make me read, make me understand “ www. makemegenius. com– Full of ingredients to make your child a genius. Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Precipitation Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

General concept • There are several forces acting on a water droplet or ice crystal in a cloud – – Winds Atmospheric stability Gravity Drag (friction) • When a droplet reaches a certain critical mass the force of gravity will exceed the other forces and precipitation will fal • Rain drops are 100 X larger than cloud droplets Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Formation of precipitation 1. Condensation and deposition 2. Collision and coalescence 3. The Bergeron process Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us. Warm air Cold air

Condensation and deposition • As long as the rate of condensation exceeds the rate of evaporation water will be deposited and accumulate on condensation nuclei • Droplets grow very slowly • Rarely produces rain drops Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Collision and coalescence • As water droplets fall through a cloud, the larger droplets fall faster than the smaller ones, thus they collide • If the droplets coalesce a larger drop is formed • If it gets big enough rain will fall Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Collision efficiency A drop must be larger than the other drops to be an efficient collider If the drop is too big it will be less efficient, because it creates high pressure that pushes small drops out of the way Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Cold and cool clouds • Cold < 00 C throughout • Cool Part is < 00 C Part is > 00 C Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Types of precipitation rain snow sleet graupel freezing rain hail Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Rain Can originate as liquid drops or ice. Ice melts as it falls through warmer air Shape of rain drops Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Snow • Ice crystals grow in a cloud. Variety of shapes depending on temperature Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Graupel • Ice crystals grow by riming • Contain air pockets • Has a spongy texture Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Sleet • Ice crystals melt as they fall through warn air aloft. Then water drops freeze as they fall through cold air below and hit the surface as ice pellets Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Freezing Rain • Ice crystals fall through warm air aloft and melt, Then liquid water falls through air at nearly 00 C and freezes when it hits the cold (00 C)ground Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Hail • Strong updrafts in a cloud force ice particles upward • As they move up and down in the cloud hail stones accumulate layers of ice • Eventually they get too heavy and fall Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Distribution of precipitation in the US Why? Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Distribution of snowfall in the US Why? Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Any questions? Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Have a great day! Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

Thanks Submitted by Ashutosh Kendriya Vidhyalaya Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.

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“Don’t make me read, make me understand “ www. makemegenius. com– Full of ingredients to make your child a genius. Copyright of www. makemegenius. com, for more videos , visit us.