DONATELLA FIORANI MARTA SAPIENZA ACIERNO DI ROMA UNIVERSIT

DONATELLA FIORANI*, MARTA SAPIENZA ACIERNO ** DI ROMA UNIVERSITÀ The 39 th joined meeting of the CIDOC CRM SIG and ISO/TC 46/SC 4/WG 9 and the 32 nd FRBR - CIDOC CRM Harmonization meeting VASSILIKA VOUTON HERAKLION - CRETE DATE: OCTOBER 09 -12, 2017 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION PROCESS MODEL (CPM): ONTOLOGY AS METHODOLOGY FOR CONSERVATION PROJECT *FULL PROFESSOR IN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION, ** RESEARCHER IN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

DONATELLA FIORANI*, MARTA SAPIENZA ACIERNO ** DI ROMA UNIVERSITÀ ARCHITECTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE - ANALYSIS (survey - diagnostic / geometrical, historical, typological, figurative, constructive, structural, material…) ASSESSMENT (building transformation, state of conservation, compatibility of uses) CONSERVATION PROJECT *FULL PROFESSOR IN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION, ** RESEARCHER IN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO How the research started UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA ‘BHIMM - BUILT HERITAGE INFORMATION MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT’ (Research project of National Interest, five Italian universities: Milan, Genoa, Brescia, Torino, Rome) working at: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS highlighting : LIMITS WITHIN BIM FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION PROCESS Research proposal: REPRESENTATION THROUGH ONTOLOGY MODEL

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Architectural Heritage and Building Information Modeling UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE Characteristic Specificity - Unicity of Components Complexity and Stratification CONSERVATION DESIGN Requirements Collaboration and sharing of Design Solutions- Participation of many different Specialists BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING Framework Parametric Representation Component-Based Approach Limited level of semantic description BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING Framework Interoperability (Architects, Engineers, Archaeologists, Biologists, Chemists, Physicians. . ) Importance of Hermeneutical Process Interaction between Study and Technical Proposal The Knowledge Representation is exclusively referred to the Artifact Components

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO An ad hoc Representation Framework UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA CONSERVATION PROCESS MODEL (CPM) Conceptual representation that ensures : a. Compliance to the disciplinary categories gathered by architecture b. Semantic enrichment of representation c. Flexibility (referring lexicons may be updated in progress) d. Methodological advantages in the deeper comprehension of conservation domain e. Methodological advantages in the better control of design process and structural relation between design and managing activities CONSERVATION PROCESS MODEL (CPM) Conceptual representation that pursues as aims: a. Capturing and representing the semantic contents of architectural heritage and conservation process b. Working up a model that may achieve integration, mediation and interchange of information in the midst of architectural heritage conservation

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Spatial units O: Oratory I: Entrance an: Northern Room CPM and existing ontologies SPACES ARCHITECTURE Spatial components ab: Apse a: hall cf: funerary corridor ti: isolated tomb al: graves aggregate N: niche BUILDIN G ARTIFACT SPATIAL ENTITIES CONSTRUCTION ENTITIES Cidoc CRm ICOM (International Council of Museums) ISO 21127: 2006 FRBRoo AR A. Guillem, G. Bruseker, P. Ronzino, 2016 Construction units Construction components

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO INTEROPERABILITY UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Revit Access Protégé Access Revit Protégé File ‘mapping’ allows comparison instances of Revit model and ontology The prototype works on synchronisation between instances of artefacts formalised within the ontology and the objects modelled in BIM. Software compares and updates databases gathered by the two programs. 7

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO CPM: working on domains definition UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Contents Domains modelled within ontology 1. Artefact Architectural building Knowledge Historical architectural Material State of conservation Environment context Transformation phases New integration Conservation intervention Management Planned conservation 2. Investigation process for historical buildings 3. Actors 4. Lifecycle 1 Trasformation process for historical architetcure 5. Lifecycle 2 Conservation and managing

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Artefact Domain Classes: Mapping UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA SCOPE NOTE CODE Ecpm. A 1 Artifact Entity = E 24 Spatial Entity refered to a space … Ecpm. A 3 Ecpm. A 25 Building Unit Spatial Unit Building refered to… Part of the building unit… Spatial Component It is a place of christianity… Complex element necessary for … Element that consists of the…. Construction element Simple elment that … Natural or artificial materials … Furniture and decorative … Ecpm. A 64 Constructive Entities Ecpm. A 65 Ecpm. A 80 Construction unit Construction component Ecpm. A 144 Oratory Part of the spatial unit that … Ecpm. A 45 Ecpm. A 192 Construction Material Ecpm. A 237 Movable elements CRITICAL ISSUES E 24 Physical Man. Made Thing Ecpm. A 2 Ecpm. A 36 MAPPING WITH CIDOC CRM «An instance of E 53 Place may consist of or form part of another instance of E 53 Place, thereby allowing a hierarchy of geometric ‘containers’ to be constructed» .

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Classes and Instances Encoding UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Instance Class Cod. Ecpm. A 36 Subclass of Superclass of Scope note Examples Properties Oratory Building -It is a place of christianity, generally with small dimensions, intended to host private prayer and worship for families or communities. San Saba Oratory Pcpm. A 01 It is part of/it is whole of Pcpm. A 02 It is bordered by Pcpm. A 04 Has as a function Pcpm. P 06 It is studied by P 123 Pcpm. A 10 Results from It has datation Pcpm. A 11 Has area Pcpm. A 12 It is hypogeal Pcpm. A 13 It is accessible Pcpm. A 14 It is visitable Cod. Name: San Saba Oratory Ecpm. A 36_1 Class Cod Spatial Unity: Oratory Ecpm. A 36 Object Properties Pcpm. A 01 It is whole Spatial Components: Aula, Apse, Funerary corridor, of Tomb, Tombs aggregate, Burial Niche, Isolated tomb Pcpm. A 01 It is part of Architectural units: San Saba Church (X) Pcpm. P 06 P 123 It is Actors: Krautheimer, Delle Rose, Fiocchi Nicolai (X) studied by Results Trasformation (E 81) from Has area 155 m 2 Pcpm. A 11 Data properties Pcpm. A 12 It is hypogeal Pcpm. A 13 It is Boolean: si accessible Pcpm. A 14 It is visitable Note boolean: si Boolean: no

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Encoding Artefact Domain Properties UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Object Properties CODE Pcpm. A 1 PROPERTY DOMAIN RANGE It is part of/it is whole of Artefact MAPPING WITH CIDOC CRM CRITICAL ISSUES - Artefact - It is bordered by Artefact Pcpm. A 4 It is studied by Artefact Actors P 123 Results in Artefact Lifecycle 1 Pcpm. A 2 P 08 Artefact - Consists of - Borders with (P 122 ) Is Artefact investigated by Investigation g prorces May become inverse of: P 45 consists of (is incorporated in) Inverse of P 46 is composed of (forms part of) Code: Pcpm. A 2 It is borded by Domain Cod Ecpm. A 25 Artefact_(Spatial Unit) Range Cod Ecpm. A 80 Artefact (Constructive Components) Superproperty of --- Quantification 1: many Scope note This property describes which are the Constructive Components that border the Spatial Unit Examples San Saba hall (Ecpm A 45__1) is bordered by a perimeter wall (E cpm. A 80_pw 1))

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Investigation Process Formalization UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA LEGEND CIDOC CRM CPM derived from CRM CPM custom Information_Object (E 73) Is-a (Pcpm. A 05) Heritage_ Process_ Resource (Ecpm. P 32) by_means_of (Pcpm. P 02) Investigation_ Sample (Ecpm. P 112) Heritage_Process_Investiga tion (Ecpm. P 02) Subclass of Heritage Process Activity (Subclass of E 5 Event) applied_to (Pcpm. P 03) Investigation_ Method (Ecpm. P 49) Investigation_ Tool (Ecpm. P 50) carried_out_by (P 14) uses_as_input (Pcpm. P 01) Artifact_Entity Macro-Domain (EA 1= EL 24 Physical Man-Made Thing) collected_from (Pcopm. P 04) assembly properties (part of/whole of (Pcpm. A 01) Artifact_Entity (EA 1 = E 24 Physical Man-Made Thing) Actor (E 39) provides_as_output (Pcpm. P 06) Information_ Object (E 73) provides_information_for (Pcpm. P 05) Attribute_Assignment (E 13) applied_to (Pcpm. P 03)

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Encoding Investigation Process Activity UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Heritage Direct investigation CODE CLASS NAME Epcm. P 2 Heritage Process Entity Epcm. P 3 Epcm. P 03 Heritage Process Activity Epcm. P 23 Diagnostic Activity Epcm. P 24 Epcm. P 25 Epcm. P 26 Heritage Indirect investigation Epcm. P 04 Documental Investigation Activity Epcm. P 05 Bibliographical Investigation Activity Epcm. P 06 Comparing Analysis Activity Epcm. P 07 Formal Analysis Epcm. P 08 Typological Analysis Epcm. P 09 Epcm. P 10 Epcm. P 11 Epcm. P 12 Epcm. P 13 Heritage Direct Investigation Activity Survey Activity Geometrical Survey Architectural Survey Materials macro-characterization Activity Epcm. P 14 Masonry Investigation Activity Epcm. P 15 Masonry types investigation Stratigraphic investigation Constructive techniques analysis Activity Epcm. P 16 Epcm. P 17 Epcm. P 18 Epcm. P 19 Epcm. P 20 Epcm. P 21 Morphological Analysis Activity Metrological analysis Walls thickness analysis Geometrical analysis Epcm. P 27 Epcm. P 28 Epcm. P 29 Epcm. P 30 Epcm. P 31 Epcm. P 32 Epcm. P 33 Epcm. P 34 Epcm. P 35 Epcm. P 36 Epcm. P 37 Epcm. P 38 Epcm. P 39 Epcm. P 40 Epcm. P 41 Epcm. P 42 Epcm. P 43 Epcm. P 44 Epcm. P 45 Epcm. P 46 Epcm. P 47 Epcm. P 48 Epcm. P 49 Decay Survey Activity Structural Decay Survey Material Decay Phenomena Distribution Survey Structural Diagnostic Activity Biological Alterations Study (Macro-Activity) Visual Investigations Crop Analysis Bimolecular Analysis Biochemical Analysis Environmental Contamination Check (Macro-Activity) Microbe Air Quantity Survey Microbe Surfaces Quantity Survey Insectile Monitoring Biological Material Characterization (Macro-Activity) Chemical Diagnostic Activity Chemical Alteration Study (Macro-Activity) Visual investigation Material Chemical Variation Monitoring Test Salt Efflorescence Qualification Chromatic Variation Analysis Physic Diagnostic Activity Microclimate Diagnostic Activity (Macro-Activity) Preliminary Survey Campaign

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Investigation process: Metrology Investigation UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Information data_Metrolo gy Plan Report (EP 109)

Cod. Epcm. P 19 Instance Name: Metrology Investigation Activity (pv/ssw) Classe Cod Epcm. P 19 Metrology Investigation Activity Subclass of Cod Epcm. P 03 Heritage Direct Investigation Activity Superclass of - Object Properties Cod Pcpm. P 01 Uses as input Survey document [EL 26]: geometrical survey Information object [EP 99]: Measuring units Cod Pcpm. P 02 By means of Tool [EL 21]: Materials for graphic elaboration Method [EP 22]: Measuring Method [EP 22]: Comparing Cod Pcpm. P 03 Applied to Method [EP 22]: Graphic representation Construction component/ perimeters walls [EA 48]: pw [ssw]; pw[nsw]; pw[fw]; pw[bw] Cod Pcpm. P 06 Cod Pcpm. P 05 Cod P 14 Provides as output Information data [EP 109]: metrology plan report Provides information for Carried out by Attribute assignment [EP 141]: Datation: I-V cent. Silvia Cutarelli

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Past Building Information (Lifecycle 1) UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA San Saba Oratory with Cemetery Addition of spatial components Aggregate of graves (EL 81. 1 Transformation_ part addition) (EA 58 Spatial components) realized through (Pcpm. L 140) resulted_in (P 123) Addition of construction components Curtain walls (Ecpm A 125 Construction components) (EA 1 Artifact_Entity = EL 24 Physical Man-Made Thing) resulted_in (P 123) Transformation in monastic Oratory (late VI-beginning VII cent. ) (EL 81. 1 Transformation_part addition) Adaptation of the Roman Hall to Oratory with Cemetery (EL 81 Transformation) Krautheimer (EL 21 Person) carried_out_ by (P 14) Krautheimer Investigation provides_as_ output (Pcpm. P 06) (EP 04 Investigation_Activity) Krautheimer, 1974, p. 4 (EL 31 Document) was_trasformed_ by (P 124) Roman Hall of San Saba Aventino Minore Roman Building (EL 24 Physical_Man-Made_Thing) (EL 53 Place) is part_of Roman Domus (EL 24 Physical_Man. Made_Thing) has_current _location (P 53) (EL 24 Physical_Manmade_Thing) resulted_in (P 123) Hall construction was_trasformed_ (EL 81 by (PL 124) Transformation) investigated by (Pcpm. P 08) First building: hall with apse (late IV-beginning V cent. ) Domains: Legend 1. Artefact 3. Actors 2. Investigation process 4. Lifecycle 1

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Encoding Actors and Inferential Process UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Code CLASS NAME E 39 Actor Entity Ecpm. Ac 1 - Biologist Ecpm 3 - Chemist Ecpm 4 - Physicist Ecpm 5 - Archaeologist Ecpm 6 - Architect Ecpm. AC 13 Materials Expert Ecpm 7 - Geologist Ecpm 8 - Process Manager Ecpm 9 - Restorer Ecpm 10 - Ecpm AC 11 - Structural Engineer Survey Expert Ecpm. AC 12 - User Rules, formalized through swrl language • ‘Wall_Unit’ (? a 0) ∧ ‘Wall_Unit’ (? a 1) ∧ ‘Wall. Unit. Interpreted. Age’ (? a 0, ? age 1) ∧ ‘Wall. Unit. Interpreted. Age’ (? a 1, ? age 2) ∧ ‘cover’ (? a 0, ? a 1) ∧ ‘swrlb: greater. Than. Or. Equal’ (? age 2, ? age 1) → ‘temporal_relationship_incoherence’ (? a 1, true) ∧ ‘temporal_relationship_incoherence’ (? a 0, true)

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Formalizing Conservation Project UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Design or Procedure Expression (Cidoc: E 29) No reference to the intellectual and expressive components of architecture design (FRBRoo: F 2) Merging contents into Architectural Model (AR: AR 1) No reference to hermeneutical process Architectural Conservation Project (Ecpm 4) No reference to technical issues of architecture design

DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA SUBCLASS OF CURRENT ACTIVITY Formalizing Conservation Project (Lifecycle 2)

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO Conservation Project (Lifecycle 2) UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Decay Survey (Subclass of infromation object) [Ecpm 3] Uses_as_input [Pcpm. P 01] Surfaces Conservation architectural project (Subclass of information object) [Ecpm 04] Provides_as_output [Pcpm 06] Surfaces Conservation executive planning [Ecpm 05 (subclass of activity E 7) Cidoc Cpm Preconsolidation [Ecpm 06] Is realized through Cleaning [Ecpm 07] (Pcpm. L 269) Consolidation [Ecpm 08] Protection [Ecpm 09 Addition [Ecpm 10] Removal [Ecpm 11] Has type (P 2) Forsees use of [Pcpm. L 268] Material [E 57] Is applied to [Pcpm. P 03] Surface area [Ecpm. A 241] Istitutional (subclass of Intervention artefact entity) lists[Epcm 12] Is part of Artefact entity (EA 1=E 24 Physical Man Made Thing)

SAPIENZA DONATELLA FIORANI, MARTA ACIERNO The End UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION