Domestic Violence Survey Albania 2007 08 SKOPJE MACEDONIA
Domestic Violence Survey Albania, 2007 -08 SKOPJE MACEDONIA FEBRUARY 2010 National Institute of Statistics, INSTAT
Domestic Violence Survey This research project involved the collaboration of several organizations: Institute of Statistics of Albania (INSTAT) UN organizations: UNICEF, UNDP, Team of national experts: experts & civil society Steering committee: GOs (MOLSAE), NGOs and academics
Why embark on a national study of domestic violence in Albania? To fill a significant gap in the limited studies on domestic violence in Albania (national level) To develop a baseline measure of domestic violence against women and children, against which future measures can be compared; To generate much reliable data and findings that can be used to develop effective prevention, protection, and legal measures and policies.
Research design Conducting survey research on domestic violence is challenging because: This is a phenomena that happens behind closed doors, and difficult to be declared. To develop clear operational definitions of the different types of domestic violence, To define the right tools for measuring the nature and prevalence of each of these types of domestic violence
Development of the survey INSTAT developed the survey after an extensive review of: • International literature on domestic violence. • Existing survey instruments used in Europe, the United States, and Africa. • Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) documents and questionnaires specifically the Module on Domestic violence was a main source. • Administrative data published by the Ministry of Interior. • Data and information on domestic violence published by member NGOs of the Network Against Gender-Based Violence and Human Rights.
Survey structure • The National Survey on Domestic Violence consisted of a series of close- ended questions that are developed in 10 separate modules: Module 1: Information Module (MODHH) Module 2: Module of Household Structure (MODHL) Module 2: Module of Socio-Economic Characteristics (MODSE) Module 3: Module on Violence Against Women (MVAW) Module 4: Selection Module of Women Age 15 -49 Years (MODSEL WM) Module 5: Module of Marriage and Sexual Behavior (MODMA) Module 6: Module of Domestic Violence toward Women (MODDV) Module 7: Module of Using Weapons (MODSALW) Module 8: Selection Module of Children Age 10 -14 Years (MODSEL) Module 9: Module of Domestic Violence toward Children Age 10 -14 Years (MODDV CH) • Module 10: Module of Using Weapons in Front of or Against Children (MODSALW CH) • • •
Survey Design Sample size: 2, 700 HH Nr of clusters: 311 Sampling desegregation: Urban/ rural 12 prefectures Field work period: September 2007 Nr of working Teams : 12 teams (prefectures) Field Work staff: 21 interviewers, 12 supervisors, 1 Controller. Duration of the field Work: 25 days
Continue…. . A cross-sectional population-based household survey conducted in a national level One to two individuals were sampled in each household (randomly selected & interviewed separately) Eligible woman: between 15 and 49 years of age living in the household. Eligible child: between 10 and 14 years of age and living in the household
Data processing and Analyses • A standardized approach to coding was adopted and a data entry program was developed in CSPro Software. • The data entry and processing procedures were rigorous and carefully supervised by INSTAT. • The clean database was used for data analysis using SPSS. INSTAT has professional standards for data processing and interpretation that have been applied in this national survey on domestic violence.
Not succeeded: SALW Economic cost of domestic violence
1 Domestic violence
Domestic violence is: any act of violence exerted by a family member on the other, any where, which negatively affects the well being, physical or psychological integrity, freedom, the right to full development of a family member. [ Violence against women and girls in the Survey is referred to the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women as occurring in: family, community, and perpetrated or condoned by state.
Basic survey assumptions Family is an organized system wherein individual members are interdependently exerting a continuous and reciprocal influence on one another. It is composed of subsystems that are constantly in interaction and in mutual influence.
Main survey trends: Macro-system variables: how background characteristics such as age, gender and education shape domestic violence. Family stress and resources variables: how the relative absence or presence of economic and social resources, in urban and rural communities, shape violence. Micro-system variables: why individuals and family subsystems continue to suffer domestic violence despite the antiviolence large scale action of governmental institutions and NGO-s.
2 Domestic violence on women
Attention seeking variables: Environmental experience Education level of women Age of abused women Employment
Table 4. 1. Percentage of women age 15 to 49 years who experience domestic violence n % Emotional abuse 1, 311 50. 6 Psychological abuse 1, 013 39. 1 Physical violence 808 31. 2 Sexual violence 330 12. 7
It is important to note that there were a significant number of women who did not respond to the questions about abuse in their marriage or intimate relationship. The percentage of nonrespondents varied from as many as 35. 9% for emotional abuse, 29. 6% for physical violence and psychological abuse, and 23. 2% for sexual violence. This data was taken directly from the frequencies that identified the number of missing responses/missing data.
Appendix Table 8. Physical violence by women’s demographics N=1, 988 Physical violence Yes Age Group n % n 15 -17 years 2 22. 2 7 18 -21 years 10 15. 6 54 22 -25 years 32 22. 1 113 26 -29 years 80 38. 8 126 30 -33 years 133 46. 8 151 34 -37 years 139 45. 4 167 38 -41 years 124 40. 0 186 42 -45 years 121 43. 2 159 46 -49 years 167 43. 5 217 Marital Status Married/living with someone 776 40. 0 1, 163 Divorced/Separated Level of Education No education Primary education Secondary education High school education University education Work Status Works outside the home Yes, but on maternity leave Does not work outside the home Residence Urban Rural 32 66. 7 16 No % 77. 8 84. 4 77. 9 61. 2 53. 2 54. 6 60. 0 56. 8 56. 5 60. 0 33. 3 2 19 422 314 48 50. 0 70. 4 44. 7 39. 8 22. 1 2 8 523 474 169 50. 0 29. 6 55. 3 60. 2 77. 9 346 5 457 39. 4 29. 4 41. 8 533 12 635 60. 6 70. 6 58. 2 385 423 35. 1 47. 5 712 468 64. 9 52. 5
Appendix Table 10. Sexual violence by women’s demographics N=1, 988 Sexual violence Yes Age Group n % n 15 -17 years 0 0. 0 9 18 -21 years 4 6. 3 60 22 -25 years 11 7. 6 134 26 -29 years 37 18. 0 169 30 -33 years 50 17. 6 234 34 -37 years 49 16. 0 257 38 -41 years 55 17. 7 255 42 -45 years 49 17. 5 231 46 -49 years 75 19. 5 309 Marital Status Married/living with someone 314 16. 2 1, 625 Divorced/Separated Level of Education No education Primary education Secondary education High school education University education Work Status Works outside the home Yes, but on maternity leave Does not work outside the home Residence Urban Rural 16 33. 3 32 No % 100. 0 93. 8 92. 8 82. 0 82. 4 84. 0 82. 3 82. 5 80. 5 83. 8 66. 7 1 6 166 128 29 25. 0 22. 2 17. 6 16. 2 13. 4 3 21 779 660 188 75. 0 77. 8 82. 4 83. 8 86. 6 154 3 17. 5 17. 6 15. 8 725 14 919 82. 5 82. 4 84. 2 178 152 16. 2 17. 1 919 739 83. 8 82. 9
Where to look for… Violence in rural vs. urban areas 2 nd decade of marriage violence: a constant reappearance in violence onset Divorce impediment because of fear for scarcity of resources Richness of living community
3 Domestic violence on children
Appendix Table 38. Physical violence by child’s gender N=970 Gender Male Physical violence Yes No Hit with objects Yes No Slapped, punched, kicked Yes No Female n 325 162 % 66. 7 33. 3 n 247 236 % 51. 1 48. 9 71 416 14. 6 85. 4 56 427 11. 6 88. 4 322 165 66. 1 33. 9 241 242 49. 9 50. 1
Appendix Table 41. Types of abuser by child’s gender N=634 Gender Male Father/step-father Yes No Mother/step-mother Yes No Sister/Brother Yes No Grandparent Yes No Close family Yes No Other family Yes No Female n 180 166 % 52. 0 48. 0 n 110 178 % 38. 2 61. 8 239 107 69. 1 30. 9 208 80 72. 2 27. 8 120 226 34. 7 65. 3 122 166 42. 4 57. 6 19 327 5. 5 94. 5 17 271 5. 9 94. 1 15 331 4. 3 95. 7 12 276 4. 2 95. 8 6 340 1. 7 98. 3 8 280 2. 8 97. 2
Some light shed on why-s? Stereotypes of behavior Replications of stereotypes and social gender based roles The ordinary care of relationships in families Violence and couple intimate relationship
Thank you for the attention! Skopje, Macedonia 16 February 2010
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