Domestic Smart Energy Meter By Using Arduino Student

Domestic Smart Energy Meter By Using Arduino Student Name: Wong Lok Hei Student ID: 13042506 D Supervisor: Dr. WL Chan 1

Content �Abstract �Introduction �Objectives �Background �Methodology �Trial by Using Arduino (Standalone Test) �Calibrate the Voltage Sensor and Current Sensor �Results & Discussion �Conclusion and further works 2

Abstract �Smart energy meter becomes more popular and easier to be used in industrial field. Benefits of it are: 1. Monitor energy usage data 2. Helpful to manage the power system �Some of the smart energy meters are designed for domestic used �Allow the users to get more information of their total electricity consumption and electricity bills 3

Abstract �Don’t provide details about which home appliances consuming the most energy. �This Data is useful to improve their home appliances using habits. �Consequently, users can save money from electricity bills. 4

Introduction �Electricity demand in HK increase every year �Cause the rising of power generation �Accompanied with a large number of greenhouse gas emissions 5

Objectives �Arduino based smart energy meter can collect real time energy consumption data. �A proper interface is needed so that users are more willing to read their energy consumption. �The features of this smart energy meter can be found below: A. Find out the electricity usage of each home devices B. Read the consumption data in computer C. Automatic Load Switching D. Interaction between users and energy suppliers 6

Background-Smart Energy Meter in HK � CLP is planning to implement smart gird in Hong Kong. � combine real time energy usage information and communication technologies into the grid � provide different options and bills for consumers. � It make the gird more reliable � bring positive effect to the efficiency and safety of the power supply chain. 7

Methodology Collect the data from MCB Boards and send to Arduino compute the energy consumption Arduino control the on/off of appliance by the DO pins Show data to users Users use computer to view the real time data 8

Arduino Board �Transit the collected information to Arduino �Open-source computer hardware and software �Provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins �Can be interfaced to various expansion boards �Calculate energy consumption and show the results in computer 9

Receive Energy Data from Distribution Board �Measure the Voltage & Current �Voltage, Current are the key parameters required to calculate the power consumption �Hall effect sensor is used to convert voltage and current to small voltage output 10

Hall Effect Sensor Principals � convert magnetic signals into electronic signals for processing by electronic circuits � Activated by an external magnetic field. � The magnetic field density applied around the sensor generate the output signal. � The signal is also called the Hall Voltage, VH. 11

Hall Effect Sensors �When the magnetic field is strong, the sensor output (voltage) will increase. �Otherwise, the voltage will decrease. �When it is saturated, the output will keep constant even applying more magnetic field to the Hall effect sensor. 12

Calculate the power usage by Arduino �After finding out the current and voltage of the system, the power could be calculated in the Arduino. �The active power can be calculated by multiplying the instantaneous voltage by the instantaneous current. �After that, sum up all the samples and divide the resultant by the no. of samples collected by Arduino. Therefore, the average of the instantaneous power is the active power of the system. 13

Load Switching �The digital output of Arduino will control the energizing of the relays coil �Contacts of relays can be used to switch the load circuits 14

What is a Relay There are only four main parts in a relay. They are 1. Electromagnet 2. Movable Armature 3. Auxiliary contacts 4. Spring 15

Trial by Using Arduino (Standalone Test) �Measuring Voltage/Current signal �use signal generator to stimulate the results �ensure the logic programmed in Arduino is correct. 16

How to convert analog reading to digital Signal � There is a 10 bits microcontroller installed at the board called an analog-to-digital converter. � The function of it is to read the analog input signal and convert it to a number between 0 and 1023. � When the input signal is zero , and the digital input value is 0. � Where there is a 5 volts signal going to the pin, then the digital input value is 1023. 17

How to convert analog reading to digital Signal Analog. Read() returns a number between 0 and 1023 that is proportional to the amount of voltage being applied to the pin. In order to change the values from 0 -1023 to a range that corresponds to the voltage the pin is reading, a float should be created to scale the numbers between 0. 0 and 5. 0, divide 5. 0 by 1023. 0 and multiply that by analog input : float voltage= sensor. Value * (5. 0 / 1023. 0); 18

Serial monitor to read data Using command Serial. println() to print analog reading to serial window as. The values shown on the serial monitor will change corresponding to the voltage coming into pin A 0. 19

Serial Plotter �Applying 5 VDC to Analog input pin 0 20

Load Switch by Arduino Relay Module �Digital output pin 7 was used for controlling the relay. �Arduino is programmed to activate and deactivate the relay each 3 seconds. 21

Load Switch by Arduino Relay Module � An ohmmeter is used to measure the continuity between relay terminal NO and COM of the relay module. When the LED was turned off, the relay was deactivated. The measuring results was open circuit. 22

Calibrate the Voltage Sensor and Current Sensor Information & Specification of the current sensor: �Manufacturer: 宇波模塊 �Model No. : CHY-5 AF/V 0 �Input Type & Range: 0 -5 A AC �Output Type & Range: 0 -5 VDC �Accuracy: +0. 5% & -0. 5% of input current �Working Frequency: 50 Hz 23

Calibrate the Voltage Sensor and Current Sensor Information & Specification of the voltage sensor: �Manufacturer: 宇波模塊 �Model No. : CHV-400 VD �Input Type & Range: �VN (RMS): 400 V �Vp (Vp-p): 0 - 600 V & -600 – 0 V �Output Type & Range: 0 -5 V �Accuracy: +1. 0% & -1. 0% of input voltage �Working Frequency: 0 -20 k. Hz 24

Testing Device The OMICRON CMC 356 is used as a current source and a voltage source to test the sensor. The features of it are shown as below: �Powerful current & voltage sources for testing �High accuracy and versatility for testing � 10 -channel binary and analog measurement and transient recording functionality 25

Test Module-Transducer 26

Set up the properties of test object Convert 400 V to 5 V Tolerance: 1. 0% 27

Set up the properties of test object Convert 5 A to 5 V Tolerance: 0. 5% 28

Start the calibration of sensor �Testing page will be generated and user can add different test point to check the characteristic of the sensors. �Maximum current (1 -phase, L-N) output is 64 A �Maximum AC voltage (1 -phase, L-N) 600 V 29

Expected Calibration Results Input Voltage of sensor Expected Voltage 0 V 0. 00 V 1. 25 V 200 V 2. 50 V 300 V 3. 75 V 400 V 5. 00 V Acceptance Range: 1. 0% Expected results of voltage sensor Input Current of sensor Expected Voltage 0 V 0. 00 V 1. 00 A 1. 00 V 2. 00 A 2. 00 V 3. 00 A 3. 00 V 4. 00 A 4. 00 V 5. 00 A 5. 00 V Acceptance Range: 0. 5% Expected results of current sensor 30

Actual Calibration Results of Voltage Sensor �After the testing, the maximum error of the voltage sensor and current sensor is 0. 3120% and 0. 4295% respectively. The test results of the two sensors were complied with the acceptance criteria and matched with the test data provided by the manufacturer, thus the two sensor were ready to be used. Maximum error: 0. 3220% 31

Actual Calibration Results of Current Sensor Maximum error: 0. 4295% 32

Results & Discussion: �A USB mobile phone charger was used to test the Arduino based energy monitor �According to the data shown on the charger, the input voltage and current of it are 220 VAC and 0. 3 A respectively. 33

Results & Discussion: �USB charger was connected to the 13 A socket outlet and it started to charge up a mobile phone. �The serial monitor of Arduino IDE was used to view the real time data that received by the Arduino. �Arduino was used as a data logger for about one hour. Here are the results of the test: 34

Results & Discussion: �When t=0 hour, Watt Hours =0. 17 wh 35

Results & Discussion: �When t=1. 00 hour, Watt Hours =37. 45 wh 36

Results & Discussion: �Using Serial Plotter to plot a graph Voltage Watt Current 37

Automatic switch off the load �A set point 16 wh (watt hour) was determined for switching off the USB charger. �When the measured value reach or exceed the set point, the relay would be energized and thus trigger the changeover contact to switch off the load. 38

Automatic switch off the load Point to trigger the load switching off 39

Conclusion �In order to save the environment from the greenhouse effect, reduction of energy usage is essential. �citizens should increase their awareness on this matter. �Arduino based smart energy meter is a useful device to let users to know their energy bills regularly. �It is an easier way to get information of energy usage when comparing with the old methods. 40

Conclusion �The work model of this project accurately measure the real-time energy consumption �Users read the data from the computer and internet. �When the loading is exceeding the set point and programmed at Arduino previously, the output pin of Arduino board will cut off the load by triggering the relay module to break the circuit. �help users to control their energy bills 41

Further works �In the future improving work, a more powerful Arduino board is suggested to replace Arduino UNO. �The reason is that UNO board is only a basic board in Arduino platform. �The analog to digital convertor (ADC) built-in UNO board is 10 bits that may not large enough for more data transfer. 42

Further works �Another model Arduino DUE which equipped with 12 bits ADC can receive more data from the home devices. �The number of digital input/output pin of DUE is larger than UNO. �It allows users to build a more complicated control circuit for home devices switching. 43

Further works �and humidity sensors can be connected to the smart meter and form a smart house. �The meter can analyse the data and control the on/off timing of the house devices such as lighting and temperature control devices. �It can reduce the wasting of energy and the energy bills. 44

The End 45